Oxidation of p,p′-biphenol with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-hydrogen peroxide in the presence of bovine serum albumin or with bone marrow cell homogenate-hydrogen peroxide resulted in the formation of reactive products that conjugate with protein. Glutathione prevented the protein binding. Glu...
2,3,5-tris(Glutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone (TGHQ), a potent nephrotoxic and nephroncarcinogenic metabolite of benzene and hydroquinone, retains the ability to redox cycle and create oxidative stress. We have previously detected that TGHQ induces ROS-dependent necrotic or apoptotic cell death in ren...
Highly selective, practical, and efficient protocols for the preparation of 4(5)-aryl-1H-imidazoles 2, 2,4(5)-diaryl-1H-imidazoles 3, and 4,5-diaryl-1H-imidazoles 1 are described. A key step of these protocols is the regioselective synthesis of 5-aryl-1-benzyl-1H-imidazoles 9 by Pd-catalyzed dir...
1 -Benzyl-4-bromoimidazole-5-carbonitriles were synthesised by several methods and shown to be surprisingly resistant to nucleophilic displacement of the bromine atom (e.g. by sulfanylacetamide under various conditions). 1 -Benzyl-4-bromo-2-(methylsulfanyl)imidazole-5-carbonitrile underwent Br →...
Summary(dl)-3-Benzyl-N-(methanesulfonyloxy) succinimide 5 has been found to inactivate human leukocyte elastase and alpha-chymotrypsin efficiently and irreversibly. The kobsd/[i]values were 1170 and 9000 M−1 s−1 respectively. Porcine pancreatic elastase was not inhibited by 5. Compound 5 may con...
6-(9-Anthryl)- and 6-(1-naphthyl)-9-(dibutylamino)benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-ones exhibited fluorescence maximum at around 700 nm in the crystalline form. Their fluorescence quantum yields were significantly higher than that of previously reported 6-perfluoro[4-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)pent-2-en-2-oxy]...
Three new complexes, namely, {[Cd(TZMB)(1,3-bimb)]·(H2O)2}n (1), {[Mn2(TZMB)2(1,4-bib)0.5(H2O)2]·(H2O)2(DMA)}n (2), {[Co2(TZMB)2(1,4-bib)]·(H2O)1.5}n (3), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis (EA...
An efficient method for the alkylation of triflates with alkynyllithium reagents is described and the successful application of the method to the total synthesis of (+)-panaxacol is exemplified.
Publisher SummaryThis chapter presents the polymers with saturated carbon chain backbone. Polyolefins are hydrocarbon polymers with the backbone formed from a chain of aliphatic carbon atoms. This class includes polymers, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyisobutene. Some of the polyme...
Lead halide perovskites, used to produce photovoltaic devices, have been the subject of a huge research effort these last years. This is due to the spectacular improvement of the conversion efficiency results within a short amount of time. However, some issues have been identified, which include...
Silicon compounds in raw materials are the main reason for the low HF/HCl acid resistance of alumina ceramics. Y2O3 can improve the acid resistance of alumina ceramics. This work aimed to reveal the mechanisms of the effects of Y2O3 on the form of Si and the durability of the ceramic. An experim...
Secondary homochiral lithium amides derived from α-methylbenzylamine undergo highly diastereoselective conjugate additions to a range of α,β-unsaturated esters. The corresponding β-amino acids are readily liberated by successive N-debenzylation and ester hydrolysis, furnishing (R)-β-amino b...
The introduction of functional groups into metal organic frameworks has great potential for enhancement in adsorption performance of nitrosamines using solid phase microextraction (SPME). However, pre-functionalization and post-modification generally suffer from the same limitation that the addi...
Hydroquinone, a metabolite of benzene, is converted by human myeloperoxidase to 1,4-benzoquinone, a highly toxic species. This conversion is stimulated by phenol, another metabolite of benzene. Here we report that peroxidase-dependent hydroquinone metabolism is also stimulated by catechol, resor...
Autooxidation of hydroquinone (HQ) or 1,2,4-benzenetriol (BT), catalysed by hemin in the presence of dithiothreitol was studied in phosphate buffered saline. Inclusion of glutamate in the above reaction mixture resulted in the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive products (TBAR) only in an ...
We have previously shown that the renal necrosis observed after 2-bromohydroquinone (2-BrHQ) administration to rats is probably caused by the formation of 2-Br-(diglutathion-S-yl)HQ (2-Br-[diGSyl]HQ), since injection of this conjugate caused severe proximal tubular necrosis. In the present study...
SummaryRat liver mitochondria incubated with the metabolites of benzene, p-benzoquinone or 1,2,4-benzenetriol, showed a dose-dependent inhibition of [3H]dTTP incorporation into mtDNA with median inhibitory concentrations of 1 mM for each compound. Benzene and the metabolites phenol, catechol and...
Hazard assessment of hydroquinone has been evaluated from bibliographical and original data on the physicochemical properties, the environmental behavior, and the biological effects of this aromatic compound. Hydroquinone, which is produced in large amounts and widely used, must be considered as...
Hydroquinone (HQ) is used widely in industry and in commerce and is considered to have a low degree of toxicity. Although the metabolism of HQ has been studied elsewhere, a complete materials balance has not been reported. We investigated the metabolism of HQ in naive and HQ pretreated male Spra...
Lysates from macrophages, cells involved in hematopoiesis and immunological responses, catalyzed the metabolic activation of the benzene metabolite, hydroquinone, to protein-binding compounds and to free 1,4-benzoquinone. This reaction is mediated by a peroxidase since activation was dependent u...
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