Lignin solvent fractionation is one of the promising methods for homogenizing and utilizing lignin commercially. In this work, fractionation characteristics of two lignin fractions were compared to investigate the potential of utilization of fractionated lignin. Two lignins [milled wood lignin(M...

The development of near-infrared (NIR) photochromic materials, particularly activated by visible light, are of increasing interest for their potential application in photoresponsive optoelectronics and functional bio-materials. Here, a novel D-DTE-A type dithienylethene NDB, which was modified b...

The yellow-emitting carbon dots (CDs) were successfully synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal route using o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) as the starting material. The emssion peak of CDs shifted from 535 to 563 nm and the corresponding photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) enhanced from 10.4...

The utilization of organic solvents as reaction media for enzymatic reactions provides numerous industrially attractive advantages. However, an adaptation of enzyme towards organic solvent is unpredictable and not fully understood because of limited information on the organic solvent tolerant en...

Reversed-phase chromatography (RFC) was used to resolve two variants of recombinant amino terminal methionyl residue (TV-Met) insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) with the same amino acid constitution but different disulphide linkages. Following radioiodination, equilibration with plasma and siz...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter examines whether pituitary hormones prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-I are indeed full-fledged immunological growth and differentiation factors. The chapter presents ample evidence that the receptors for PRL, GH, and IGF-I ...

ObjectivesHypothalamic-pituitary axis abnormalities have been associated with systemic disturbances in several rheumatic diseases. Longitudinal analysis of erythrocyte, serum, urinary and synovial fluid growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and somatostatin levels could prov...

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is thought to mediate a portion of the effects of bST on lactation in dairy cows. Serum concentrations of IGF-I are increased in lactating cows that were treated with bST, and IGF-I receptors are present in bovine mammary tissue. In addition, close arterial inf...

The objective was to determine relationships among concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I in serum, energy balance, body condition, and ovarian activity during early lactation. From 0 to 12 wk postpartum, 11 pluriparous Holstein cows were individually fed a total mixed diet and bled twic...

α-Lipoic acid (ALA) is a powerful antioxidant valuable for prevention and treatment of ophthalmic complications such as diabetic keratopathy and retinopathy. The aim of this work was to develop micelle-based formulations that can enhance the solubility, stability, and corneal permeability of AL...

SummarySpermidine inhibits many cells in culture because amine oxidase in the serum converts spermidine to toxic products. Methyl glyoxal bis guanylhydrazone (Methyl GAG) inhibits cells in culture because it is a specific inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, preventing the conversion...

Cobalt (II), nickel (II), and copper (II) complexes of glyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone) and cobalt (II) and copper (II) complexes of methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone) have been prepared and tentatively characterized. The two ligands exhibit a marked difference in their metal-binding tendencies an...

Using the conditioned taste aversion baseline of drug discrimination learning, animals were trained to discriminate diprenorphine from distilled water. In subsequent generalization tests, the opiate antagonists naltrexone and naloxone and the mixed opiate agonist/antagonist nalorphine substitute...

In order to investigate opiate receptor binding in vivo, [3H]diprenorphine was given s.c. to rats, and the tracer specifically bound to membraneous high affinity sites was determined with a rapid filtration technique after brain homogenization. Bound [3H]diprenorphine accounted for 70% of the to...

1.The binding of 60 drugs, mainly steroids, to opioid receptors was studied in crude membrane fractions from mouse brains.2.Competition assays with the different drugs (5×10−7–10−4M) were performed by labeling opiate receptors with [3H]diprenorphine (0.3–0.4 nM).3.Only 7 drugs (α,5β-tetrahy...

Conclusions based on either in vitro or in vivo approach to evaluate the P-gp affinity status of opioids may be misleading. For example, in vitro studies indicated that fentanyl is a P-gp inhibitor while in vivo studies indicated that it is a P-gp substrate. Quite the opposite was evident for me...

The importance of the opioid receptor system in substance dependence is increasingly recognised. We used PET with the non-selective tracer [11C]diprenorphine to examine opioid receptor binding in early abstinence from alcohol dependence and the relationship to craving. We recruited 11 alcohol de...

Water-deprived rats were given a daily opportunity to take water or an ethanol solution. Prior to some opportunities to drink, some were injected with morphine (across procedures either 2.0, 7.5, or 20.0 mg/kg), diprenorphine (from 0.001 to 10.0 mg/kg), or a combination of diprenorphine and morp...

Initial studies were undertaken to examine the properties of [3H]-diprenorphine binding to Rana pipiens whole brain tissue using naltrexone for the definition of nonspecific binding. Saturation analysis demonstrated the binding of [3H]-diprenorphine to be saturable with a KD value of 0.65 nM and...

Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) using the non-selective opioid receptor antagonist [11C]diprenorphine (DPN) did not detect any changes in mesial temporal structures, despite known involvement of the hippocampus in seizure generation....