BackgroundIn a previous randomised EORTC study on adjuvant dibromodulcitol (DBD) and bichloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU) in adults with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), a clinically significant trend towards a longer overall survival (OS) and a progression-free survival...

DNA reacted with dibromodulcitol in neutral solution yielded 3- and 7-alkyl substituted purines after hydrolysis at neutral pH-value at 37°C. The alkylated products were identified by mass spectrometry and by comparison of their UV absorption spectra and chromatographic properties on thin-layer...

The present work reports the facile and cost-effective synthesis of rod like structured nickel doped bismuth sulphide (Ni-Bi2S3) via the ultrasonication process. The sonochemical synthesis technique is rapid, simple, non-explosive, and harmless than other conventional synthesis technique. After ...

Single crystals of DL-valine and DL-lysine hydrochloride were grown by slow evaporation method and the crystallographic structure were confirmed by X-ray diffraction experiment and Rietveld method. These two crystals have been studied by Raman spectroscopy in the 25–3600 cm−1 spectral range and...

DL-lysine hydrochloride crystals were studied by Raman spectroscopy under hydrostatic pressure using a diamond anvil cell from ambient pressure up to 9.8 GPa in the spectral range from 1150 to 40 cm−1. Changes in the Raman spectrum were observed in all spectral regions analyzed. In particular, m...

Chloramphenicol (CAP) has been extensively used in the broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy so that its excessive emission has brought about serious contamination in aquatic environments. It is of great concern to find an efficient removal method and understand the transformation pathways. In this ...

The laccase enzyme from white-rot fungus Trametes hirsuta brought about degradation of 0.5 mg/L chloramphenicol within seven days without mediators, which is typically found in the pharmaceutical wastes. This study is first of its kind which showed that the higher concentrations of chloramphenic...

Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a micropollutant that resists to conventional residual water treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess CAP biodegradability by five endophytic fungi strains isolated from Bertholletia excelsa collected in the Brazilian Amazonia. The fungi strains were scr...

SummaryWidespread antibiotic resistance has led to the reappraisal of abandoned antibiotics including chloramphenicol. However, enzyme(s) underlying one form of chloramphenicol resistance, nitroreduction, have eluded identification. Here we demonstrate that expression of the Haemophilus influenz...

The Cu(OAc)2/CF3COOH (TFA) system catalyzes the aminomethylation of gaseous alkanes such as propane and ethane with trimethylamine N-oxide to give N,N-dimethylisobutylamine (1) and N,N-dimethylpropylamine (7), respectively. The corresponding trifluoroacetates are also formed as by-products from ...

Various chlorodifluoromethyl ketones can be converted to the corresponding 2,2-difluoro enol silyl ethers in good yields, by the action of zinc dust and chlorotrimethylsilane in dry acetonitrile at 60°C.

Novel chiral fluorinated building block, (S)β-chlorodifluoromethyl-β-propiolactone with up to >99% ee was prepared using the Lewis acid catalyzed [2+2]cycloaddition of ketene with chlorodifluoroacetaldehyde followed by enzymatic resolution with a lipase. The lactone thus obtained readily under...

The solid state of 2-chlorodifluoromethyl-3-methylchromone (1) and 3-bromomethyl-2-chlorodifluoromethylchromone (2) was studied by vibrational spectroscopy (IR, Raman) and X-ray diffraction methods. The analysis was extended to solution phase using UV–Vis, NMR (1H, 13C and 19F) and fluorescence...

The effects of hetero atoms within the substrate molecule and the number of available hydrogen atoms in the hydrogen abstraction reaction are considered. Chlorodifluoromethyl radicals are generated by the photolysis of 1,3-dichlorotetrafluoroacetone and the substrate molecules used are dimethyl ...

An optimized preparation of 3-chloropentafluoropropene-1,2-oxide via alkaline peroxide epoxidation of 3-chloropentafluoro-1-propene under phase transfer catalysis conditions is described. The title epoxide was reacted with various bifunctional nitrogen nucleophiles to give five-, six- and seven-...

Condensation reactions of (chlorodifluoromethyl)benzene and (chlorodifluoromethoxy)benzene with phenoxide and thiophenoxide ions have been performed in DMF or NMP with heating. In these conditions, the reaction between phenylselenide ion and (chlorodifluoromethyl)benzene did not occur. This latt...

The dithionite-mediated addition of BrCF2Cl to 3,4-di-O-pivaloyl-d-xylal (1) generated preferably 1-CF2Cl-substituted products, that is, (2-bromo-2-deoxy-3,4-di-O-pivaloyl-β-d-xylopyranosyl)-chlorodifluoromethane and (2-deoxy-3,4-di-O-pivaloyl-β-d-threo-pentopyranosyl)-chlorodifluoromethane. S...

Synthetic routes to lactones with a chlorodifluoromethyl group via SN2′, oxidation and lactonization reactions, were described.

Selective, high yield partial fluorination of p-bis-(trichloromethyl)benzene to p-bis-(chlorodifluoromethyl)benzene has been accomplished by warming a slurry of the p-bis-(trichloromethyl)benzene in anhydrous HF which also contains a small quantity of inert solvent, such as 1,2-dichloroethane.

We have investigated the different chlorodifluoromethyl aryl ketones 1a–1g and sulfones 2a–2h as difluorocarbene reagents for O- and N-difluoromethylations. It was found that the sulfone reagents 2 were generally more efficient in difluoromethylation than the ketone reagents 1. Furthermore, wh...