The avoidance of post-herniorrhaphy pain can be challenging for hernia repair and has the greatest impact on patient's quality of life, health care utilisation and cost to society. Visceral meshes, functionalised with an efficient drug carrier system – hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin polym...

BackgroundA comparison of the effective dose in 50% of patients (ED50) has suggested that the potency of levobupivacaine lies between that of bupivacaine and ropivacaine. However, for clinical purposes, knowledge and use of doses close to the ED95 are more relevant. This study was designed to de...

BackgroundAlthough bupivacaine remains a standard local anesthetic for postoperative epidural infusions in pediatric patients, it is increasingly being replaced with ropivacaine by many anesthesiologists. Ropivacaine is associated with less risk for cardiac and central nervous system toxicity.

BackgroundTransversus abdominis plane (TAP) block provides sensory block from T6 to L1. It is one of the most widely used regional analgesic techniques and important component of multimodal approach for postoperative analgesia in multiple lower abdominal surgeries.

We have compared the anaesthetic efficacy, duration of action, pain, pulpal anaesthesia, and cardiovascular effects of 0.5% ropivacaine or 2% lignocaine hydrochloride in bilateral symmetrical impacted third molars. In a randomised single-blind trial we studied 78 healthy patients who required bi...

ObjectiveAlthough laparoscopic hysterectomy, a worldwide popular surgery, ensures faster recovery and less postoperative pain than with laparotomic hysterectomy, immediate pain control still improving postoperative care. We introduce an effective method, intraoperative injection of ropivacaine i...

Objective To determine the analgesic, hemodynamic and respiratory effects, sedation and ataxia in mares of caudal epidural administration of ropivacaine hydrochloride solution.Study design Prospective, single-dose trial.Animals Ten healthy mares weighing from 475 to 565 kg.Methods Intravascular ...

As a new generation of amide-type local anesthetics (LAs), ropivacaine has been widely used for pain management in clinical settings. Increasing evidence has shown that administration of ropivacaine causes cytotoxic effects and apoptosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms still need t...

Chondrocyte health is altered when exposed to local anesthetics, raising concerns as to the long-term effects of local anesthetics intra-articularly for diagnosis and analgesia. To investigate the drug with the lowest toxic potential, the effect of ropivacaine and mepivacaine on chondrocytes was...

In this study, we identified the subtype of Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) mRNA in dorsal root ganglion neurons and observed the effects of ropivacaine hydrochloride in different concentration and different exposure time on the mRNA expression. Dorsal root ganglion neur...

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the primary target of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). Ellman's method using Acetylthiocholine (ATCh) is the standard approach for the detection of AChE activity. Though ATCh is a popular substrate, it has certain drawbacks as well. Because of these limitati...

The resolution of (R,S)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine ((R,S)-NEA) by Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) in ionic liquids (ILs) containing 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations ([Cnmim]+) and [Tf2N]−, [BF4]−, and [PF6]− anions was investigated. When the alkyl chain on the cation contained less than six ...

A new solid acid was prepared by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) impregnation into an acid-treated attapulgite (ATA). Di(1-naphthyl)methane (DNM) hydrocracking was used as the probe reaction to evaluate the catalytic performance of TFMSA/ATA for cleaving Car–Calk bridged bonds in coals. T...

The phosphine, generated together with hydrogen from red phosphorus and aqueous KOH, reacts with 1-bromonaphthalene in the t-BuOK/DMSO system under mild conditions (70 °C, atmospheric pressure) to give di(1-naphthyl)phosphine, which is easily oxidized in the presence of air to afford di(1-napht...

Catalysts trifloromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA)/treated attapulgite powder (TAP), Ni/TAP, and Ni-TFMSA/TAP with different Ni and TFMSA loadings were prepared. The typical catalysts were characterized with multiple instruments and used for catalyzing hydroconversion of di(1-naphthyl)methane (DNM),...

3′,5′-Di-O-mesylthymidine 4a (DMST) on reaction with secondary amines undergoes hitherto unknown “one-pot-two-steps” transformation to produce 2,3′-O-anhydro-5′-deoxy-5′-alkylaminothymidines 5a–h. Most of the amines used, irrespective of their basicities showed remarkable selectivity tow...

Optically active (S)-2-aryl-4 (or 5)-phenyl-1,3-oxazolines and (S)-2-fluoroalkyl-4-phenyl-1,3-oxazolines were synthesized from a tandem one-pot reaction of (S)-2-amino-2-phenylethanol with a corresponding carboxylic acid in toluene at 90 °C in the presence of PPh3/CBr4 and excess Et3N. The use ...

Fatty acid esters of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPDEs), of 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol (2-MCPDEs) and of 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol or glycidol (GEs), which are considered to be deleterious to human health, may occur in a broad variety of food samples. A proper risk assessment of those substanc...

An efficient, scalable synthetic method of chromeno[3,4-c]pyridine scaffolds through redox-neutral [4 + 2] annulation between coumarinyl ketoxime esters and internal alkynes has been developed using the rhodium(III) catalytic system. The present transformation proceeds under mild conditions, fea...

In the present investigation, a series of novel 2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-4-(2-arylsulfanyl-ethyl)-2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4] triazolo-3-ones and their corresponding sulfones were prepared with the objective of developing better antimicrobial agents. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized...