A modification of the method of Kauffman et al. (F. C. Kauffman, J. G. Brown, J. V. Passonneau, and O. H. Lowry (1969)J. Biol. Chem.244, 3647–3653) for the spectrophotometric determination of xylulose 5-phosphate, ribulose 5-phosphate, and combined ribose 5-phosphate and sedoheptulose 7-phospha...
Structural requirements of d-arabinose 5-phosphate isomerase (KdsD, E.C. 5.3.1.13) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analysed in detail using advanced NMR techniques. We performed epitope mapping studies of the binding between the enzyme and the most potent KdsD inhibitors found to date, together...
Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses the assay for D-ribose-5-phosphate ketol isomerase and D-ribulose- 5-phosphate 3-epimerase. The assay for the isomerase is based upon the increase in absorbance observed at 290 nm, when ribose-5-phosphate ketol isomerase acts upon ribose 5-phosphate to for...
A procedure for the purification from Candida utilis of transketolase (sedoheptulose-7-phosphate: d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glycolaldehydetransferase, EC 2.2.1.1) free from d-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.1) was developed using acetone precipitation, elution from DEAE-cellulose, ...
Publisher SummaryFor the coupled assay at 340 nm of transketolase with α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and triosephosphate isomerase, or with glyceraldehydes phosphate dehydrogenase, as auxiliary enzymes, a mixture of D-ribose 5-phosphate and D-xylulose 5-phosphate is needed. A mixture of D-ri...
Potassium and zinc are essential elements in plant growth and metabolism and plays a vital role in salt stress tolerance. To investigate the physiological mechanism of salt stress tolerance, a pot experiment was conducted. Potassium and zinc significantly minimize the oxidative stress and increa...
Publisher SummaryRibulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is the most abundant enzyme on the planet and plays one of the most important roles in the ecosystem. It catalyzes the covalent addition of carbon dioxide to ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate, producing two molecules of 3-phospho...
In this study, microalgal cultivation was applied as a feasible strategy for treating shrimp culture wastewater (SCW) from a shrimp farm in southern Tainan. Chlorella sorokiniana MB-1-M12 was first grown on BG-11 medium with 0.5% salinity, obtaining a biomass concentration and productivity of 4....
Salinity is a major abiotic stress factor affecting crops production and productivity. Triticum monococcum is closely related to Triticum urartu (AUAU), which is used as a model plant of wheat A genome study. Here, salt stress induced dynamic proteome and phosphoproteome profiling was focused. T...
Mangrove sites are constantly under tidal regimes, where there is variation of dissolved oxygen and saline content in water. This study evaluated the effects of varying salinity in Avicennia schaueriana, an abundant species in the sea-mangrove-river interface. Seedlings of A. schaueriana were ha...
Salinity stress is a major abiotic stress that affects plant growth and limits crop production. Roots are the primary site of salinity perception, and salt sensitivity in roots limits the productivity of the entire plant. To better understand salt stress responses in canola, we performed a compa...
In nature, plants are simultaneously challenged by biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is known about the effects of these combined stresses for most crops. This work aimed to evaluate the responsed of the virus-resistant cowpea genotype BRS-Marataoã to the exposure of salt stress combi...
Sesuvium portulacastrum, an important mangrove-associated true halophyte belongs to the family Aizoaceae, has excellent salt tolerance. Chloroplasts are the most sensitive organelles involved in the response to salinity. However, the regulation mechanism of chloroplasts of S. portulacastrum unde...
A salt-tolerant prolyl aminopeptidase from Streptomyces aureofaciens TH-3 (TH-3PAP) was purified from a culture supernatant. The gene encoding TH-3PAP was cloned and sequenced. The primary structure of TH-3PAP showed 65% identity with that of PAP from Streptomyces lividans (SLPAP) and possessed ...
A salt-tolerant aspartyl aminopeptidase (approximately 57 kDa) from Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 was purified and identified. Specific inhibitor experiments indicated that it was an aminopeptidase containing Zn2+. Its optimal and stable pH values and temperatures were 7 and 50 °C, respectively. Its...
A method is described for the synthesis of Nα-protected bi- and trifunctional amino acid p-nitroanilides. The reaction uses phosphorus oxychloride as the condensing agent. The synthesis is simple, rapid, free of racemization and affords yields between 70–90%. The synthesis can be performed not...
Kinetic parameters for the action of bovin Factor Xa (EC 3.4.21.22) on 25 commercially available peptide p-nitroanilides have been determined. The selectivity constant, kc/Km, ranges from 1.5·101 to 2·106 M-1·s-1 for the poorest and the best substates, respectively. The best substrates for Fa...
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (dipeptidyl-peptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.14.5), an enzyme that participates in the catabolism of bradykinin and Substance P as well as the post-translational processing of various other peptides, has been purified from human and pig kidney. The assay reaction involved the cl...
The hydrolysis of 35 tripeptidyl-p-nitroanilides was studied with human plasmin and the kinetic parameters were determined. The individual contribution of the various side chains to the kinetic parameters was calculated by regression analysis. Considering Km, substrates having Z-D-Ile-Phe-Lys as...
As one of key bacterial proteins involved in vancomycin resistance, VanX is a d,d-dipeptidase that impedes bacterial cell wall biosynthesis by hydrolyzing the essential d-Ala–d-Ala dipeptide. Based on a report by Crowder and co-workers that l-alanine-p-nitroanilide (l-Ala-pNA) was a useful subs...
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