Isolated protoplasts from C. officinalis leaves were supplied with [3-3H]oleanolic acid, its 3-O-monoglucoside and 3-O-monoglucuronide. Transformations of these compounds into two series of oleanolic acid glycosides, i.e. glucosides (derivatives of 3-O-monoglucoside) and glucuronides (derivative...
The labeling dynamics of sterols and oleanolic acid (OL) during the incubation with [2-14C] mevalonic acid were examined in Calendula officinalis L. suspension cultures: 1.81 μM (0.4 mg l–1) auxin (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-D) and 1.85 μM (0.4 mg l–1) kinetin, named 0.4-0.4 culture...
The effects of elicitors on cell growth and oleanolic acid (OA) accumulation in shaken cell suspension cultures of Calendula officinalis were investigated. Elicitors were added individually at various concentrations to 5-day-old cell cultures and their effects monitored at 24 h intervals for 4 d...
In Calendula officinalis inflorescences administrated [3-3H]oleanolic acid derivatives, i.e. the 3-O-monoglucoside and 3-O-monoglucuronide were assembled and their metabolism and transport from involucre to flowers was demonstrated. Besides the effective glycosylation to derivatives of its own s...
Intact vacuoles isolated from C. officinalis leaf protoplasts were supplied with [3-3H]oleanolic acid, its 3-O-monoglucoside and 3-O-monoglucuronide. It was found that both monoglycosides were transported into vacuolar space whereas free oleanolic acid only bound with the tonoplast. The effects ...
Three radioactive precursors, [3-3H]-oleanolic acid and its 3-O-monoglucoside and 3-O-monoglucuronide, were administrated to ligulate flowers of Calendula officinalis. The oleanolic acid was glycosylated to the monoglucoside and its derivatives faster than to the monoglucuronide and its derivati...
The uptake of [3-3H]-oleanolic acid 3-O-monoglucoside and 3-O-monoglucuronide into vacuoles isolated from Calendula officinalis leaf protoplasts was investigated under various conditions. The transport of monoglucoside was stimulated by ATP and pyrophosphate, and sensitive to protein-modifying a...
Eight tripeptides containing L-Phe-L-Tyr were synthesized, and their effects on the excitability of a giant neurone (tonically autoactive neurone, TAN), identified in the suboesophageal ganglion of an Africa giant snail (Archiatina fulic Férussac), were examined. Of these tripeptides, the follo...
Although the enhancement of anammox performance for wastewater treatment due to the addition of small amount of acetate has been reported, discrepant metabolic responses of different anammox species have not been experimentally evaluated. Based on metagenomics and metatranscriptomic data, we inv...
Two-dimensional surface properties of PEO–PPO–PEO triblock copolymer film (Mol.Wt. 2800) in the absence and presence of Tyr-Phe dipeptide, Val-Tyr-Val tripeptide, sodium dodecylsulfate and stearic acid have been investigated for the first time at the air/water interface using Langmuir film bal...
The aggregation properties of Tyr-Phe dipeptide and Val-Tyr-Val tripeptide were studied in aqueous solution and in the presence of SDS and SDS–polymer environments using UV–visible, surface tension, fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) techniques. Both the peptides formed micelles. The cmc...
The long-term objective of this study is to use MALDI MS and MS/MS to study the fragmentation pattern of in vitro nitrotyrosine-containing peptides in order to assist the interpretation of MS-identification of endogenous nitroproteins in human tissues and fluids. The short-term objective is to s...
Poly(5-methoxycytidylic acid) [poly(mo5C)] has been prepared by polymerization of 5-methoxycytidine diphosphate with polynucleotide phosphorylase. The poly(mo5C) was of high molecular weight and formed a 1 : 1 hybrid with poly(I). Although the Tm of this hybrid is higher than that of poly(I) · ...
4-Thiouridine 5′-diphosphate (s4UDP) was found to be a substrate for polynucleotide phosphorylase from Escherichia coli. s4UDP gave β-phosphate exchange (Km = 0.26 mM; vmax = 0.18 μmole/ml per 20 min) and was polymerised to poly 4-thiouridylic acid (poly s4U) (Km = 0.17 mM; vmax = 1.5 mμmole...
In order to investigate the mechanisms of uridine diphosphate glucose enzymic reactions, a number of analogues with modified uracyl residues were synthesized by the morpholidate method. 3-N-Methyl-uridine (I), 4-thiouridine (II), cytidine (III), 2-thiouridine (IV), iso-cytidine (V) and 6-azaurid...
8-Azaguanosine 5′-diphosphate serves as a substrate for polynucleotide phosphorylase. The terminal phosphate of the nucleoside diphosphate undergoes an exchange with [32P]orthophosphate in the presence of an enzyme preparation from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. This exchange is stimulated 5-fold b...
ms4UDP was synthesized and found to be a substrate for polynucleotide phosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.8) from Escherichia coli having a Km value of 3.4·10−3 M. The polynucleotides poly ms4U and poly (A, ms4U1.25) showed different hyperchromic bands upon enzymatic hydrolysis to the corresponding nucleot...
1. Analogues of U-U-U in which uridine residues were replaced by either 2-thiouridine, 4-thiouridine, 2,4-dithiouridine, or 2-thiocytidine were synthesized by enzymatic methods.2. The dinucleoside phosphates U-N and the trinucleoside diphosphates U-U-N were prepared by ribonuclease A-catalyzed t...
Publisher SummaryThis chapter describes the enzymatic method for the determination of D-ribulose. D-ribulose has been determined by the cysteine–carbazole method; however, this is not specific. By comparison, the high degree of specificity of the ribitol dehydrogenase from Aerobacter aerogenes ...
Leishmaniasis is a group of tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Due to the emergence of resistance to the available antileishmanial drugs there is an immediate need to identify molecular targets on which to base future treatment strategies. Ribose 5-phosphate...
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