Deltamethrin (DMN) exposure causes severe damage to the gill and liver tissues of aquatic organisms, as well as neurotoxic effects and metabolic disorders. The goal of the present study was to assess the impacts of DMN toxicity on blood biochemistry, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase (CAT) ...
ObjectiveAging is accompanied by loss of brown adipocytes and a decline in their thermogenic potential, which may exacerbate the development of adiposity and other metabolic disorders. Presently, only limited evidence exists describing the molecular alterations leading to impaired brown adipogen...
Brown macroalgae are an attractive, untapped resource and a favourable alternative for conventional fossil fuels, given their low lignin and high polysaccharide content. However, the restricted bioavailability of structurally complex carbohydrates for digestion, results in a low biomethane poten...
Brown grease breaks down into a mixture of alkanes and alkenes at temperatures above 300 °C without addition of hydrogen or an external catalyst. To better understand the reactions in this process, pyrolysis experiments were performed on palmitic and oleic acids as model systems for the saturat...
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy as heat and its activity correlates with leanness in human adults. Understanding the mechanisms behind the activation of BAT and the process of “browning”, i.e. the appearance of inducible brown adipocytes called beige or brite (brown-in-white) cell...
High blood pressure (BP) is a complex trait determined by both genetic and environmental factors, as well as the interactions between these factors. Over the past few decades, there has been substantial progress in elucidating the genetic determinants underlying the BP response to sodium intake,...
To understand the mechanism by which exogenous putrescine (Put) alleviated starch overaccumulation in the leaves of cucumber subjected to salt stress, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. Our research findings focused on NaCl stress leading to an increase in the number of starch granules in th...
Adenosine, an endogenous purine nucleoside is one such extracellular signaling molecule whose role in the regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and immune pathogenicity in visceral leishmaniasis is indeterminate. Here, we have evaluated the adenosine in the plasma of 20 visceral leishmaniasi...
Rice (Oryza sativa) growth and productivity is severely affected by salinity. Under salt stress, the dynamic regulation of proteins in different functional groups plays a major role in different signaling pathways. Differentially expressed proteins in rice roots and shoots serve as marker groups...
Extracellular adenosine formation from ATP is controlled by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase/CD39) and ecto-5′-nucleotidase (e-5NT/CD73); the latter converts AMP to adenosine and inorganic phosphate, representing the rate limiting step controlling the ratio between ext...
Reducing sodium salts and salt in processed food is often a multi-dimensional task involving taste, preservation, and functionality. A number of practical alternative ingredient solutions and strategies have been highlighted for salt reduction along with a workable decision process and case studies.
1.1. The primary organic acids produced in short-term photosynthesis (5–90 seconds) are glyceric acid, 2- and 3-phosphoglyceric acid, and probably diphosphoglyceric acid.2.2. The degradation data of these acids suggest that they arise independently by a condensation of 2-carbon units with a 1-c...
The importance of phosphorus compounds in metabolism has been established by the work of many investigators. Neuberg and others have shown that rather simple, naturally occurring phosphates can solubilize many physiologically important substrates. A detailed study of the sodium salt of d(−)-3-ph...
SummaryA 2-phosphoglyceric acid phosphatase (2-phosphoglycerate phosphohydrolase) has been identified and partially purified from beef liver. The purification of 2-phosphoglyceric acid phosphatase from other non-specific liver phosphatases was based on the relative activity of 2- or 3-phosphogly...
This chapter provides an introduction to protein and amino acid metabolism. The chapter begins with a discussion of nutritional deficiency and the consequences of malnutrition. The value of serum protein analysis is also dealt with. Overall amino acid metabolism includes general reactions and va...
The characteristics of a reaction involving pyrogallol and compounds related to glyceric acid in concentrated sulfuric acid were investigated. The reaction yielded a violet chromogen which exhibited an absorption maximum at 570 mμ. Among compounds reacting to form the chromogen, the following r...
Abscisic acid (ABA) and nitric oxide (NO) are both extremely important signalling molecules employed by plants to mediate plant tolerance under abiotic stresses. In the present study, the role of NO in ABA-induced photosynthesis and antioxidant system in leaves of tall fescue (Festuca arundinace...
A model describing the kinetics of dissolution of calcium hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, microcrystals in aqueous solution is presented. In this model the rate-controlling step is formation of dissolution nuclei, the lateral growth rate of which depends on the concentration of hydrogen ions. T...
The kinetics of the crystal growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate seed crystals were investigated potentiometrically in the presence of several phosphorus compounds of biological interest: phosphoenol pyruvate, d-3-phosphoglyceric acid, 2,3-diphospho-d-glyceric acid, phosphocreatine, and d,l-1-g...
d-Serine modulates N-methyl d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and regulates synaptic plasticity, neurodevelopment, and learning and memory. However, the primary site of d-serine synthesis and release remains controversial, with some arguing that it is a gliotransmitter and others defining it as a n...
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