The UV filter 2‑ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS) is widely used in sunscreens and other personal care products (PCP). EHS has been detected in a variety of environmental matrices. However, data on the internal EHS exposure in humans is not available, due to the lack of exposure biomarkers and analyti...

The UV filter 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS) is used in sunscreens and other personal care products worldwide and has been found in a variety of environmental media. We aimed to provide human toxicokinetic data on EHS as a tool for risk assessment. For that purpose, we investigated metabolism and...

Salicylate esters (SEs), a class of chemicals extensively used as flavor and fragrance additives in foods, beverages and a wide variety of consumer products, are suspected to have estrogenic activity based on chemical analysis of in silica molecular docking. We evaluated the estrogenic potential...

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 plays an important role in drug metabolism. Although transcriptional regulation of CYP3A expression by chemicals has been comprehensively studied, its post-translational regulation is not fully understood. We previously reported that acetaminophen (APAP) caused accumula...

The potential of benzyl salicylate, an important fragrance and flavour ingredient, to induce hypersensitivity or to elicit reactions to pre-existing hypersensitivity in the general population was evaluated by analysing patch-test data. Results obtained from fragrance and formulator companies for...

The kinetics for synthesizing benzyl salicylate (C6H4(OH)COOCH2C6H5, denoted as Ph(OH)COOR) from the carboxylation of benzyl bromide (C6H5CH2Br, RBr) via solid–liquid phase-transfer catalysis (SLPTC) was investigated. The key component to conduct the substitution reaction is the catalytic inter...

Disinfection of swimming pool water is essential to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms. However chlorine based disinfectants, the most commonly used, are known to lead to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), some of which have been associated with adverse health effects. Precursor...

The kinetics of esterification of sodium salicylate with benzyl bromide to produce benzyl salicylate was investigated via third-liquid phase-transfer catalysis. The formation of the third-liquid phase from the interaction of aqueous reactant, inorganic salts, organic solvent, and catalyst was in...

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of benzyl salicylate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.

Benzyl salicylate is used as a fragrance ingredient and an ultraviolet light absorber, but its toxicity is unknown. Therefore, toxicity tests and hazard classification were conducted for screening assessment under the Japanese Chemical Substances Control Law. Benzyl salicylate was found to be no...

The interest in the sialic acids chemistry has rapidly increased in last years, especially since their involvement in the regulation of a great variety of biological phenomena was recognised. In this paper we are interested in the biological function of sialic acid that it is able to interact wi...

We have applied a fast and high-yielding method for the parallel amidation of 4-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-butylamine yielding analogs of the partial dopamine receptor agonist BP 897. Using this amino scaffold prepared in solution and polymer-bound carboxylic acid equivalents, we have s...

Homosalate is an organic ultraviolet filter used in most sunscreens but has been reported to be toxic to marine organisms. The estrogenic activity of homosalate has also been reported, but its endocrine-disrupting effect remains unclear. Although homosalate has been detected in human placental t...

Apparent catalytic effects of varying concentration of CTABr/MX/H2O nanoparticles (at a constant [CTABr] and [Piperidine]) on pseudo-first-order rate constants (kobs) for the reaction of piperidine with ionized phenyl salicylate have been measured as kobs/k0 where kobs and k0 represent rate cons...

UV-filters are widely used in many personal care products and cosmetics. Recent studies indicate that some organic UV-filters can accumulate in biota and act as endocrine disruptors, but there are few studies on the occurrence and fate of these compounds in humans. In the present work, a new liq...

Phenyl salicylate (PS) is employed as a nervous system depressant as well as an intestinal antiseptic owing to its antibacterial activity upon hydrolysis in the small intestine. The study of changes in its physico-chemical properties in different solvents may be helpful in understanding the mech...

Simultaneously measured high-resolution enthalpy and heat capacity data are obtained by means of a novel type Peltier-element-based adiabatic scanning calorimeter that can also operate as a classical adiabatic heat-step calorimeter. Specific enthalpy and specific heat capacity results with 2% un...

Salicylates are used as fragrance and flavor ingredients for foods, as UV absorbers and as medicines. Here, we examined the hydrolytic metabolism of phenyl and benzyl salicylates by various tissue microsomes and plasma of rats, and by human liver and small-intestinal microsomes. Both salicylates...

In an equilibrium vessel, the solid-liquid equilibria (SLE) for three binary mixtures of phenyl salicylate with 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-1-propanol, respectively, have been measured from 283.15 K to the melting temperature of the solute using a method in which an excess amount of solut...

The effects of cationic surfactants of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) and cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC) on the kinetics of intramolecular general base catalyzed hydrolysis ([OH−] range 0.05–0.1 mol L−1) of phenyl salicylate have been stud...