Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen fluoride; chromium(III) oxide at 200℃; under 1500.15 Torr; for 10 - 200h; Product distribution / selectivity; Molecular sieve MS-13X; | 96.2% |
With hydrogen fluoride; chromium(III) oxide at 200℃; under 1500.15 Torr; for 3 - 100h; Product distribution / selectivity; | 62% |
With hydrogen fluoride; antimonypentachloride at 50℃; im Autoklaven; |
ethene
A
1,1-difluoroethane
B
1,2-difluoroethane
C
1,1,2-Trifluoroethan
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With xenon difluoride; silicon tetrafluoride at 20℃; for 24h; Fluorination; | A 25% B 63% C 9% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen fluoride; iron(III) chloride; titanium tetrachloride at 90 - 120℃; under 7500.75 - 15001.5 Torr; for 1.5 - 30h; Product distribution / selectivity; | 46% |
With hydrogen fluoride; titanium tetrachloride at 95 - 120℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 3.5 - 29h; Product distribution / selectivity; | 21% |
Ethyl trifluorovinyl ether
A
1,1-difluoroethane
B
1-fluoroethane
C
perfluoroethyl ethyl ether
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With cobalt (III) fluoride at -196 - 20℃; for 0.5h; Fluorination; | A 5% B 2% C 45% D 2% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen fluoride; tin(ll) chloride at 60℃; under 1064 - 2660 Torr; | |
With hydrogen fluoride; tin(ll) chloride at 60℃; under 1064 - 2660 Torr; | |
With hydrogen fluoride; tin(ll) chloride at 60℃; under 1064 - 2660 Torr; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With mercury(II) fluoride | |
With mercury monofluoride; iodine |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen fluoride; lead dioxide at 100℃; unter Druck; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With palladium on activated charcoal at 120℃; Hydrogenation; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With palladium on activated charcoal at 120℃; Hydrogenation; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen fluoride; boron trifluoride at 0 - 30℃; unter Druck; | |
With hydrogen fluoride; pyrographite; mercury(II) oxide at 20 - 40℃; | |
With aluminum(III) fluoride; hydrogen fluoride at 300℃; | |
With hydrogen fluoride; fluorosulphonic acid at 0℃; |
Hexafluorobenzene
2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide
A
1,1-difluoroethane
B
carbon dioxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In n-heptane at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CH3CF2 radical to heptane; |
n-heptane
2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide
A
1,1-difluoroethane
B
carbon dioxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CF3 radical to hexafluorobenzene, octafluorotoluene, 1,4-bis(pentafluorophenoxy)perfluorobutane, and benzene; |
1,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene
2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide
A
1,1-difluoroethane
B
carbon dioxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In n-heptane at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CH3CF2 radical to heptane and to hexafluorobenzene; |
perfluorotoluene
2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide
A
1,1-difluoroethane
B
carbon dioxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In n-heptane at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CH3CF2 radical to heptane; |
2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide
1,4-bis(pentafluorophenoxy)perfluorobutane
A
1,1-difluoroethane
B
carbon dioxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In n-heptane at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CH3CF2 radical to heptane and to hexafluorobenzene; |
2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide
A
1,1-difluoroethane
B
Vinylidene fluoride
C
2,2,3,3-tetrafluorobutane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In n-heptane at 50℃; Kinetics; Product distribution; Mechanism; thermal decomposition, other temperatures, other solvents; |
methylenesulfurtetrafluoride
acetaldehyde
A
1,1-difluoroethane
B
ethene
trifluoroacetic anhydride
A
1,1-difluoroethane
B
Carbonyl fluoride
C
trifluoroacetyl fluoride
D
2,2-difluorocyclopropane
E
carbon monoxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ethane; sulphur hexafluoride for 0.0833333h; Product distribution; Mechanism; Irradiation; other perfluoro acid anhydride; |
2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide
benzene
A
1,1-difluoroethane
B
carbon dioxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In n-heptane at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CH3CF2 radical to heptane and to hexafluorobenzene; |
ethene
A
1,1-difluoroethane
B
1,2-difluoroethane
C
2,2,2-trifluoroethanol
D
1,1,2-Trifluoroethan
E
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
F
1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With cobalt (III) fluoride at 95℃; Product distribution; Mechanism; var. temp. and metal fluorides; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen fluoride Heating; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Leiten ueber quecksilberhaltige Katalysatoren; | |
Leiten ueber quecksilberhaltige Katalysatoren; |
hydrogen fluoride
boron trifluoride
acetylene
1,1-difluoroethane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 0 - 30℃; |
hydrogen fluoride
fluorosulphonic acid
acetylene
1,1-difluoroethane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 0℃; | |
at 0℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 260 - 320℃; | |
at 260 - 320℃; |
butanone
A
1,1-difluoroethane
B
1,1,2-Trifluoroethan
C
1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane
D
fluoroacetyl fluoride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 80℃; Produkt5:Difluormethan, Produkt6:Trifluormethan, Produkt7:Carbonylfluorid; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 150℃; unter Druck; |
1,1-dichloroethane
hydrogen fluoride
antimonypentachloride
1,1-difluoroethane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 50℃; im Autoklaven; |
(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)2ZrH2
1,1-difluoroethane
[(η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)2ZrHF]
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen In not given byproducts: ethane; treating 1,1-difluoroethane with zirconium complex at 150°C for 1 d under H2; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dihydrogen peroxide at 140℃; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; | 88% |
1,1-difluoroethane
bis-trifluoromethyl-aminooxyl
A
N,N-bis(trifluoromethyl)hydroxylamine
B
1,2-Bis-(di-trifluormethyl-aminooxy)-1,1-difluor-ethan
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 80℃; for 240h; | A 81% B 5% C 76% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 340℃; other temperatures, other catalysts; | 77.5% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 290℃; for 96h; | 65% |
1,1-difluoroethane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate; methyl p-toluene sulfonate; sodium iodide In acetonitrile at 90℃; for 20h; | 60.8% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen fluoride; Alpha-chromium oxide obtained from the pyrolysis of ammonium dichromate, treated with HF for 9 - 162h; | 29.8% |
With hydrogen fluoride; chromium(III) oxide at 245 - 275℃; for 5 - 49h; Catalys was activated in a stream of HF up to 350 C; | 13.2% |
With hydrogen fluoride; Alpha-chromium oxide obtained from the pyrolysis of ammonium dichromate, treated with HF at 200 - 245℃; for 15 - 47.5h; | 6% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen fluoride; Guingnet's green at 250 - 400℃; for 10 - 129h; | A 0% B 19.6% C 0% |
With hydrogen fluoride; Alpha-chromium oxide obtained from the pyrolysis of ammonium dichromate, treated with HF at 250 - 350℃; | A 0% B 19.3% C 0% |
With hydrogen fluoride; Alpha-chromium oxide prepared by the precipitation of chromium hydroxide from chromium nitrate followed by calcination in air at 500 C for 72 hours, treated with HF at 250 - 350℃; | A 0% B 19.9% C 0% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 450 - 475℃; durch photochemische Chlorierung; | |
With chlorine; pyrographite at 300℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With manganese(IV) oxide; hydrogen fluoride at 125℃; | |
With chromium(III) oxide; hydrogen fluoride at 50℃; unter Druck; | |
With hydrogen fluoride; lead dioxide at 125℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With chlorine In gas at 21.9℃; under 760 Torr; for 0.000666667h; Irradiation; time history of ignition; | |
bei der Photochlorierung; | |
beim Chlorieren im Sonnenlicht; |
1,1-difluoroethane
A
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane
B
1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
beim Chlorieren im Sonennlicht; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With chlorine at 700℃; | |
With chlorine at 800℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
beim Chlorieren im Sonnenlicht; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 200℃; bei der Photochlorierung; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Dichlorodifluoromethane; chlorine at 650℃; | |
With chlorine at 610℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With chlorine at 200℃; unter Belichtung; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Dichlorodifluoromethane; chlorine at 610 - 680℃; | |
With chlorine at 610 - 680℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With chlorine at 800℃; |
The Ethylidene difluoride, with the 75-37-6, has the IUPAC name of 1,1-difluoroethane. This is a kind of colourless liquid with the odour of ether, and its product categories are including Industrial/Fine Chemicals; refrigerants; Organics; Refrigerant. Besides, it is incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides. If contacting with the liquid, it can cause frostbite, and it is easily ignited.
The physical properties of this chemical are as follows: (1)ACD/LogP: 0.65; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 0.65; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 0.65; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.84; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.84; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 53.85; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 53.85; (9)#H bond acceptors: 0; (10)#H bond donors: 0; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 0; (12)Polar Surface Area: 0; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.252; (14)Molar Refractivity: 11.6 cm3; (15)Molar Volume: 72.8 cm3; (16)Polarizability: 4.59 ×10-24 cm3; (17)Surface Tension: 9.5 dyne/cm; (18)Density: 0.907 g/cm3; (19)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 21.89 kJ/mol; (20)Vapour Pressure: 4100 mmHg at 25°C; (21)Exact Mass: 66.028107; (22)MonoIsotopic Mass: 66.028107; (23)Topological Polar Surface Area: 0; (24)Heavy Atom Count: 4; (25)Formal Charge: 0; (26)Complexity: 11.5.
The production method of this chemical is as below: Firstly. calcium carbide could react with water in the acetylene reactor to produce acetylene, and then go through washing, impurity by the sodium hypochlorite; Secondly, the purified acetylene has the complete drying and then put into the fluorination reactor; Thirdly, with the existence of sulfuryl fluoride, acetylene could react with hydrogen fluoride to produce crude Ethylidene difluoride; Lastly, go through the process of condensation, fractionation to get the products.
As to its usage, it is widely applied in many ways. It could be used as the Freon substitute, refrigerant, aerosol and so on; It could also be used as the important raw material of vinyl fluoride. Besides, it is also commonly found in electronic cleaning products, and many consumer aerosol products that must meet stringent VOC requirements.
When you are dealing with this chemical, please be more cautious. It is a kind of highly flammable chemicals which may catch fire in contact with air, only needing brief contact with an ignition source. And it has a very low flash point or evolve highly flammable gases in contact with water. Therefore, you should take the following instructions. Wear suitable protective clothing and then take precautionary measures against static discharges. Besides, keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking, and if in case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. In addition, there is one hidden danger that is if under prolonged exposure to fire or heat, the containers may rupture violently and rocket, so you should be very careful while keeping this chemical.
In addition, you could convert the following datas into the molecular structure:
(1)Canonical SMILES: CC(F)F
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4F2/c1-2(3)4/h2H,1H3
(3)InChIKey: NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Below are the toxicity information of this chemical:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
mouse | LC50 | inhalation | 977gm/m3/2H (977000mg/m3) | "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 54, 1982. | |
rat | LCLo | inhalation | 64000ppm/4H (64000ppm) | Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 31, Pg. 343, 1949. | |
rat | LDLo | oral | > 1500mg/kg (1500mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0530083, |
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