Nitric oxide

Molecular Structure:

Molecular Formula: NO
Molecular Weight: 30.0061
IUPAC Name: Nitric oxide
Synonyms of Nitric oxide (CAS NO.10102-43-9): Amidogen, oxo- ; Bioxyde d'azote ; Bioxyde d'azote [French] ; CCRIS 4319 ; EINECS 233-271-0 ; HSDB 1246 ; INOmax ; Mononitrogen monoxide ; Nitric oxide ; Nitrogen monoxide ; Nitrogen oxide (NO) ; Oxyde nitrique ; Oxyde nitrique [French] ; RCRA waste number P076 ; Stickmonoxyd ; Stickmonoxyd [German] ; UN 1660 ; UNII-31C4KY9ESH ; Nitric oxide 10% by volume or more ; Nitric oxide, compressed ; Nitric oxide, compressed [UN1660] [Poison gas] ; Nitrogen oxide ; UN1660
CAS NO: 10102-43-9
Classification Code: Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; Antioxidants ; Autonomic Agents ; Bronchodilator agents ; Cardiovascular Agents ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors ; Free radical scavengers ; Mutation data ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Peripheral Nervous System Agents ; Respiratory System Agents ; Vasodilator agents
Melting point: −163.6 °C
Boiling Point:  −151.7 °C
Vapor density: 1.05 (vs air)

 Nitric oxide (CAS NO.10102-43-9) can be used for detecting surface radicals on polymers.

Commercially:4 NH₃ + 5 O₂ → 4 NO + 6 H₂O (at 750°C to 900°C (normally at 850°C)
In the laboratory:8 HNO₃ + 3 Cu → 3 Cu(NO₃)₂ + 4 H₂O + 2 NO

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Extremely Hazardous Substances List.

Hazard Codes of Nitric oxide (CAS NO.10102-43-9): O,T
Risk Statements: 8-23-34-44 
R8: Contact with combustible material may cause fire. 
R23: Toxic by inhalation. 
R34: Causes burns. 
R44: Risk of explosion if heated under confinement.
Safety Statements: 17-23-36/37/39-45 
S17: Keep away from combustible material. 
S23: Do not breathe vapour. 
S36/37/39: Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. 
S45: In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
RIDADR: UN 1660 2.3
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: QX0525000
HazardClass: 2.3
A poison gas. A severe eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritant. A systemic irritant by inhalation. Mutation data reported. Exposure may occur whenever nitric acid acts upon organic material, such as wood, sawdust, and refuse; it occurs when nitric acid is heated, and when organic nitro compounds are burned, for example, celluloid, cellulose nitrate (guncotton), and dynamite. The action of nitric acid upon metals, as in metal etching and pickling, also liberates the fumes. In high-temperature welding, as with the oxyacetylene or electric torch, the nitrogen and oxygen of the air unite to form oxides of nitrogen. Automobile exhaust and power plant emissions are also sources of NO_x. Exposure occurs in many manufacturing processes when nitric acid is made or used. Oxides of nitrogen have been implicated as a cause of acid rain.
The oxides of nitrogen are somewhat soluble in water, reacting with it to form nitric and nitrous acids. This is the action that takes place deep in the respiratory system. The acids formed are irritating and can cause congestion in the throat and bronchi and edema of the lungs. The acids are neutralized by the alkalies present in the tissues, with the formation of nitrates and nitrites. The latter may cause some arterial dilation, fall in blood pressure, headache, and dizziness, and there may be some formation of methemoglobin. However, the nitrite effect is of secondary importance.
Because of their relatively low solubility in water, the nitrogen oxides are initially only slightly irritating to the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. Their warning power is therefore low, and dangerous amounts of the fumes may be breathed before the worker notices any real discomfort. Higher concentrations (60–150 ppm) cause immediate irritation of the nose and throat, with coughing and burning in the throat and chest. These symptoms often clear upon breathing fresh air, and the worker may feel well for several hours. Some 6–24 hours after exposure, a sensation of tightness and burning in the chest develops, followed by shortness of breath, sleeplessness, and restlessness. Dyspnea and air hunger may increase rapidly with development of cyanosis and loss of consciousness followed by death. In cases that recover from the pulmonary edema, there is usually no permanent disability, but pneumonia may develop later. Concentrations of 100–150 ppm are dangerous for short exposures of 30–60 minutes. Concentrations of 200–700 ppm may be fatal after even very short exposures.
Continued exposure to low concentrations of the fumes, insufficient to cause pulmonary edema, is said to result in chronic irritation of the respiratory tract, with cough, headache, loss of appetite, dyspepsia, corrosion of the teeth, and gradual loss of strength.
Exposure to NO_x is always potentially serious, and persons so exposed should be kept under close observation for at least 48 hours.
An oxidizer. The liquid is a sensitive explosive. Explosive reaction with carbon disulfide (when ignited), methanol (when ignited), pentacarbonyl iron (at 50°C), phosphine + oxygen, sodium diphenylketyl, dichlorine oxide, fluorine, nitrogen trichloride, ozone, perchloryl fluoride (at 100–300°C), vinyl chloride. Reacts to form explosive products with dienes (e.g., 1,3-butadiene, cyclopentadiene, propadiene).
Can react violently with acetic anhydride, Al, amorphous boron, BaO, BCl₃, CsHC₂, calcium, carbon + potassium hydrogen tartrate, charcoal, ClO, pyrophoric chromium, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloroethylene, ethylene, fuels, hydrocarbons, hydrogen + oxygen, Na₂O, uns-dimethyl hydrazine, NH₃, CHCl₃, Fe, Mg, Mn, CH₂Cl₂, olefins, phosphorus, PNH₂, PH₃, potassium, potassium sulfide, propylene, rubidium acetylide, Na, S, tungsten carbide, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, uns-tetrachloroethane, uranium, uranium dicarbide. Will react with water or steam to produce heat and corrosive fumes; can react vigorously with reducing materials.

OSHA PEL: TWA 25 ppm
ACGIH TLV: TWA 25 ppm
NIOSH REL: (Oxides of Nitrogen) TWA 25 ppm
DOT Classification:  2.3; Label: Poison Gas

For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-109.