Oxygen

IUPAC Name: Molecular oxygen
Canonical SMILES: O=O
InChI: InChI=1S/O2/c1-2
Molecular Formula: O₂
Molecular Weight: 32.00 
EINECS: 231-956-9
Classification Code: Gas, medicinal; Human Data; Mutation data; Reproductive Effect
Melting Point: -218 °C(lit.)
Stability: Stable. Vigorously supports combustion. Incompatible with phosphorus, organic materials, many powdered metals.
Index of Refraction: 1.122
Molar Refractivity: 2.36 cm³
Molar Volume: 29.5 cm³
Surface Tension: 20.2 dyne/cm
Density: 1.082 g/cm³
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 6.8 kJ/mol
Vapour Pressure of Oxygen (CAS NO.7782-44-7): 322000 mmHg at 25 °C

 Oxygen (CAS NO.7782-44-7) was first discovered by Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele. He had produced oxygen gas by heating mercuric oxide and various nitrates by about 1772. In 1891 Scottish chemist James Dewar was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study. in 1895 by German engineer Carl von Linde and British engineer William Hampson. Later, in 1901, oxyacetylene welding was demonstrated for the first time by burning a mixture of acetylene and compressed O₂. In 1923 the American scientist Robert H. Goddard became the first person to develop a rocket engine; the engine used gasoline for fuel and liquid oxygen as the oxidizer. Goddard successfully flew a small liquid-fueled rocket 56 m at 97 km/h on March 16, 1926 in Auburn, Massachusetts, USA.

 Oxygen (CAS NO.7782-44-7) is used for primary metals manufacturing, chemicals manufacturing, oxidation processes, and partial oxidation processes. The steel industry prefers to use pure oxygen rather than air in processing iron. The oxygen reacts with elemental carbon to form carbon monoxide, which is processed with iron oxide so that carbon is incorporated into the iron metal, making it much lower melting and more pliable (fusible pig iron).
 Oxygen is also used medically for patients who require mechanical ventilation, often at concentrations above 21% found in ambient air.
In other oxygen applications, metal fabrication involves cutting and welding with an oxygen-acetylene torch. Chemical manufacture use includes the formation of ethylene oxide, acrylic acid, propylene oxide, and vinyl acetate. Miscellaneous uses include sewage treatment, aeration, pulp and paper bleaching, and missile fuel.

 Oxygen (CAS NO.7782-44-7) is produced industrially by fractional distillation of liquefied air, use of zeolites to remove carbon dioxide and nitrogen from air, electrolysis of water and other means.
The manufacture of oxygen is described along with that of nitrogen (Fig. l) during the liquefaction of air. Pressure swing adsorption (Fig. 2) is also used to generate pure oxygen.

FIGURE 1 Manufacture of oxygen by the liquefaction of air.

FIGURE 2 Pressure swing adsorption for oxygen generation and purification.

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.

Human systemic effects by inhalation: cough and other pulmonary changes. Human teratogenic effects by inhalation: developmental abnormalities of the fetal cardiovascular system. Mutation data reported. Not toxic as gas. In liquid form it can cause severe “burns” and tissue damage on contact with the skin due to extreme cold.
Hazard Codes: O,C
Risk Statements: 8-52/53-34
 R8 :Contact with combustible material may cause fire. 
R52/53:Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. 
R34:Causes burns.
Safety Statements: 17-45-36/37/39-26-61 
S17:Keep away from combustible material. 
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) 
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. 
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. 
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.
RIDADR: UN 1072 2.2
RTECS: RS2060000
F: 4.5-31
HazardClass: 2.2

DOT Classification:  2.2; Label: Nonflammable Gas, Oxidizer

For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Oxygen (field-readable) 6601.

  Oxygen (CAS NO.7782-44-7), its Synonyms are Hyperoxia ; LOX ; Liquid oxygen ; Molecular oxygen ; Oxigeno ; Oxigeno [Spanish] ; Oxygen ; Oxygen molecule ; Oxygen, liquified ; Oxygen-16 ; Oxygene ; Oxygene [French] ; Oxygenium ; Oxygenium medicinale ; Pure oxygen ; Sauerstoff .