Titanium

IUPAC Name: Titanium
Molecular Formula:Ti
Molecular Weight:47.87
EINECS:241-036-9
Solubility: negligible
Classification Code: Reproductive Effect; Tumor data
Stability: Stable. Dust is thought to be spontaneously flammable, and may form an explosive mixture with air. Flammable solid. Incompatible with mineral acids, halogens, carbon dioxide, strong oxidizing agents.
Flash Point: 0 °C
Density (near r.t.): 4.506 g/cm³
Melting point: 1941 K,1668 °C,3034 °F
Boiling point: 3560 K,3287 °C,5949 °F
Heat of fusion: 14.15 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 425 kJ/mol
Specific heat capacity of Titanium (CAS NO.7440-32-6): (25 °C) 25.060 J/mol/K

 Titanium is used in steel as an alloying element (ferro-titanium) to reduce grain size and as a deoxidizer, and in stainless steel to reduce carbon content. About 95% of titanium ore extracted from the Earth is destined for refinement into titanium dioxide (TiO₂), an intensely white permanent pigment used in paints, paper, toothpaste, and plastics. It is also used in cement, in gemstones, as an optical opacifier in paper, and a strengthening agent in graphite composite fishing rods and golf clubs.
 Due to their high tensile strength to density ratio, high corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, high crack resistance, and ability to withstand moderately high temperatures without creeping, titanium alloys are used in aircraft, armor plating, naval ships, spacecraft, and missiles. Due to its high corrosion resistance to sea water, titanium is used to make propeller shafts and rigging and in the heat exchangers of desalination plants; in heater-chillers for salt water aquariums, fishing line and leader, and for divers' knives. Titanium is used to manufacture the housings and other components of ocean-deployed surveillance and monitoring devices for scientific and military use.
 Welded titanium pipe and process equipment (heat exchangers, tanks, process vessels, valves) are used in the chemical and petrochemical industries primarily for corrosion resistance. Specific alloys are used in downhole and nickel hydrometallurgy applications due to their high strength titanium Beta C, corrosion resistance, or combination of both. The pulp and paper industry uses titanium in process equipment exposed to corrosive media such as sodium hypochlorite or wet chlorine gas (in the bleachery). Other applications include: ultrasonic welding, wave soldering, and sputtering targets.
 Titanium metal is used in automotive applications, particularly in automobile or motorcycle racing, where weight reduction is critical while maintaining high strength and rigidity. The metal is generally too expensive to make it marketable to the general consumer market, other than high-end products, particularly for the racing/performance market. Late model Corvettes have been available with titanium exhausts.
 Because it is biocompatible (non-toxic and is not rejected by the body), titanium is used in a gamut of medical applications including surgical implements and implants, such as hip balls and sockets (joint replacement) that can stay in place for up to 20 years.

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Experimental reproductive effects. The dust may ignite spontaneously in air. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction. Titanium can burn in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or air. Also reacts violently with BrF₃, CuO, PbO, (Ni + KClO₃), metaloxy salts, halocarbons, halogens, CO₂, metal carbonates, Al, water, AgF, O₂, nitryl fluoride, HNO₃, O₂, KClO₃, KNO₃, KMnO₄, steam @ 704°, trichloroethylene, trichlorotrifluoroethane. Ordinary extinguishers are often ineffective against titanium fires. Such fires require special extinguishers designed for metal fires. In airtight enclosures, titanium fires can be controlled by the use of argon or helium. Titanium, in the absence of moisture, burns slowly, but evolves much heat. The application of water to burning titanium can cause an explosion. Finely divided titanium dust and powders, like most metal powders, are potential explosion hazards when exposed to sparks, open flame, or high-heat sources.
Hazard Codes: F,Xi
Risk Statements: 20/21/22-11-17-36/38 
R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 
R11:Highly flammable. 
R17:Spontaneously flammable in air. 
R36/38:Irritating to eyes and skin.
Safety Statements: 16-36/37/39-33-27-26-6 
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition. 
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. 
S33:Take precautionary measures against static discharges. 
S27:Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. 
S6:Keep under ... (there follows the name of an inert gas).
RIDADR: UN 2878 4.1/PG 3
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: XR1700000
F: 10
HazardClass: 4.2
PackingGroup: III

For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Elements (ICP), 7300 or Tissue 8005 (ICP), 8310.

  Titanium (CAS NO.7440-32-6), its Synonyms are ATI 24 ; C.P. titanium ; CP Titanium ; Contimet 30 ; Oremet ; Smelloff-cutter titanium ; Titanium (dry powder) ; Titanium 50A ; Titanium A-40 ; Titanium VT1 ; Titanium alloy ; Titanium metal powder, dry ; Titanium-125 . Titanium is a gray lustrous powder. It can be easily ignited and burns with an intense flame. The very finely powdered material may be ignited by sparks.