BackgroundHuangqi decoction (HQD), a classic traditional herbal medicine, has been used for liver fibrosis, but its effect on intrahepatic chronic cholestatic liver injury remains unknown.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a central role in lipid transport and cholesterol metabolism, with surplus cholesterol being removed from the liver through bile acid (BA) synthesis. Furthermore, BAs are of critical importance in fat absorption by forming intestinal lipid-bile salt mixed micelles. ...

ObjectiveThe beneficial effects of tea on health, including obesity, are well known. However, the comparative effects of black, green, white, and oolong teas, which are prepared from the same fresh leaves, on weight gain and the potential mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood. Bile ac...

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAccumulation of hepatic lipid promotes systemic metabolic dysfunction and results in fatty liver. Our previous studies have shown that the alkaloids of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. (DNLA) could regulate the lipid metabolism gene expression in livers of mice. However, th...

The carboxyl group is the functional group in both bile acids (BAs) and fatty acids (FAs) (BAFAs). Considering the functional correlation and the structural similarity of these compounds, a sensitive and efficient method was developed here for the first time to simultaneously profile BAFAs based...

An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of 41 target and 8 additional bile acids isomers (BAs) in biological fluids. BAs were analysed by solid-phase extraction on 50 μL biofluid-aliquots, followed by a pro...

ABSTRACTThe action of fendiline on cardiac electrical activity was investigated in guinea pig papillary muscle by monitoring frequency- and time-dependent changes in membrane potential, action potential (AP) configuration and conduction velocity. Isolated guinea pig papillary muscles driven at 0...

The effect of fendiline, a documented inhibitor of L-type Ca2+ channels and calmodulin, on Ca2+ signaling in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells was investigated using fura-2 as a Ca2+ probe. Fendiline at 5–100 μM significantly increased [Ca2+]i concentration-dependently. The [Ca2+]i rise c...

The effect of fendiline, an anti-anginal drug, on cytosolic free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells was explored by using fura-2 as a Ca2+ indicator. Fendiline at concentrations between 1 and 200 μM increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner and the signal saturat...

The effect of the anti-anginal drug fendiline on intracellular free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) in a rabbit corneal epithelial cell line (SIRC) was explored using fura-2 as a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator. At a concentration above 1 μM, fendiline increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner wit...

Capillary isotachophoresis was applied for the determination of fendiline and gallopamil – calcium antagonists – in serum. The cationic electrolyte system containing Na+ with acetic acid as a counter constituent was used as a leading electrolyte with the pH 4.7 and the terminating electrolyte ...

Novel, 2′-hydroxy derivatives of fendiline have been synthesised and their ability to induce relaxation of isolated rat small mesenteric and coronary arteries were determined. Both derivatives examined were significantly more potent as vasodilators than fendiline itself. Similar effects were ob...

Within 3–4 weeks after spinal transection, morphine-induced antinociception, assessed with the tail flick reflex in rats, is profoundly reduced. The cause of this decrement is unknown. The present studies were conducted to determine whether this phenomenon reflects a general loss in opiate acti...

We here reported the development and application of an immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) based on β-glucuronidase to the on-line determination of urinary molar ratios of dextromethorphan (DOMe)/dextrorphan (DOH) for the assessment of the metabolic activity of CYP2D6, a genetically variable isof...

The effects of dextromethorphan and its metabolite dextrorphan on severity of dystonia were examined in mutant dystonic hamsters, an animal model of idiopathic paroxysmal dystonia, in which recent examinations have shown antidystonic effects of selective N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor anta...

A sensitive, simple and accurate method was developed for determination of dextromethorphan (DM) and dextrorphan (DT) in human urine by capillary gas chromatography without derivatization. After an oral dose of 30 mg DM, urine samples were collected and extracted, then analyzed on 0.22 mm×17 m ...

Dextromethorphan has been used as an antitussive for more than 40 years and is considered a drug with a good margin of safety. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether dextromethorphan and its metabolites — 3-methoxymorphinan and dextrorphan— had local anaesthetic effects. Using a method o...

Study objective: Methcathinone, a designer drug, has high abuse liability. In this study we characterized acute methcathinone toxicity in rats, attempting to determine whether the excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist dextrorphan can antagonize methcathinone intoxication. Methods: Intoxicati...

Background and ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to establish the potencies of epinephrine, bupivacaine, dextromethorphan, 3-methoxymorphinan, and dextrorphan and evaluate interactions of epinephrine with bupivacaine, dextromethorphan, 3-methoxymorphinan, or dextrorphan as an infiltrative an...

Dextromethorphan, an antitussive, has a complex pharmacologic profile and has not been well studied. Our aim was to evaluate whether dextromethorphan and its metabolites, dextrorphan and 3-methoxymorphinan, have a spinal anaesthetic effect. Using a method of spinal blockade in rats, we evaluated...