Several mechanisms have been proposed for the heart dysfunction during hyperglycemia. The aim of the present in vitro study is to elucidate the role of alterations in redox homeostasis in the induction of apoptosis during hyperglycemia in H9c2 cells via dysfunction in mitochondria and polyol pat...

The Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction between cinnamic acid and aryl iodide derivatives was studied using both homogeneous and heterogeneous Pd-catalysts. It was demonstrated that simple Pd(OAc)2 can catalyze this reaction with useful to high yields when engaging ferulic acid ...

Methyl (E)-cinnamate is a specialized metabolite that occurs in a variety of land plants. In flowering plants, it is synthesized by cinnamic acid methyltransferase (CAMT) that belongs to the SABATH family. While rarely reported in bryophytes, methyl (E)-cinnamate is produced by some liverworts o...

To promote the extraction of natural cinnamic acid with supercritical and subcritical fluids, the solubility of cinnamic acid was measured respectively in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) by the dynamic method and in subcritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (sub-R134a) by the static method. The...

Absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) is the latest development in the new quantitative proteomics technology for high-throughput identification and quantitation of proteins. The mechanisms underlying the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid ethyl ester treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated. D...

Furfural and acetone are the starting materials for a new practical synthesis of racemic (E)4,4(ethylenedioxy)-7-hydroxy-2-octenoic acid, the protected C-8 subunit of Pyrenophorin. Furan ring has been used as masked 3-acylacrylate moiety.

We have purified and determined the amino acid sequence of cryptdin-1, a murine Paneth cell defensin. The peptide corresponds to a previously characterized mRNA that accumulates to high abundance during postnatal ontogeny of the small bowel. Acid-extracted intestinal protein was fractionated by ...

Paneth cells secrete α-defensins into the lumen from the base of small intestinal crypts, and cryptdin-4 (Crp4) is the most potent mouse α-defensin in vitro. Purified recombinant Crp4 and Crp4 variants with (des-Gly)-, (Gly1Val)-, (Gly1Asp)-, and (Gly1Arg)-substitutions were all bactericidal w...

Mammalian α-defensins contribute to innate immunity by exerting antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. To perform structural and functional analysis of α-defensins, large amounts of α-defensins are essential. Although many expression systems for the production of recombinant α-def...

We show that cryptdin-4 (Crp4), an antimicrobial peptide found in mice, induces the aggregation and hemi-fusion of charged phospholipid vesicles constructed of the anionic lipid POPG and the zwitterionic lipid POPC. Hemi-fusion is confirmed with positive total lipid-mixing assay results, negativ...

An encapsulated system for cryptdin-2 (a Paneth cell antimicrobial peptide) was developed, with a view to help it sustain adverse gut conditions and to ensure its bioavailability on oral administration. The formulation was characterized on the basis of particle size, zeta potential and polydispe...

The endozepine triakontatetraneuropeptide (TTN) induces intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) changes and is chemotactic for human neutrophils (PMNs). Because interleukin-8 (IL-8) production is Ca2+ dependent and can be induced by chemotactic stimuli, we have investigated the ability of TTN to induce ...

Neurons and glial cells are capable of synthesizing various bioactive steroids, but the neuronal mechanisms controlling neurosteroid-secreting cells are poorly understood. In the present study, we have investigated the possible effect of an endogenous ligand of benzodiazepine receptors, the tria...

:4-Phosphono-DL-phenylalanine 1 was synthetized from 4-bromo-DL-phenylalanine or from 4-(bromomethyl)-bromobenzene ; 4-(phosphonomethyl)-DL-phenylalanine 14 was prepared from methyl p-toluate. The interest of these phosphonic analogues arises from their possible interference in the metabolism of...

Linear and cyclic hexameric peptides were synthesized with the amino acid sequence Gly-Tyr-Val-Pro-Met-Leu, which corresponds to the autophosphorylation segment around Y751 of PDGF receptor β subunit. The natural L-tyrosine (position 2) was also substituted in peptide analogs with D-Tyr, L-tyro...

Density functional theory calculations were used to study the adsorption of NO on Nin cluster (n = 1, 2, 3 and 4) doped graphene with different graphene-based support (single vacancy, one nitrogen decorated, two nitrogen decorated and three nitrogen decorated). The adsorption configuration, adso...

A series of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes were synthesized with N′1,N′2‑bis(3‑hydroxy‑5,5‑dimethylcyclohex‑2‑en‑1‑ylidene)oxalohydrazide (H4DOX). The geometry of isolated solid compounds was discussed by various spectroscopic methods. The optimized structures of complexes were confirmed ...

Interfacial properties of water/SDS+1-butanol/n-octane and water/SDS+2-butanol/n-octane systems have been determined using MD simulations with the aim of studying the molecular interactions between alcohols and SDS when are located at the water/n-octane interface. Also, interfacial properties of...

Previous findings have demonstrated, in a rat model, that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) decreases cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF) while Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (DNB) accelerates the timely recovery of CBF. However, potential biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and underlying mechanisms for ...

In three task-switching experiments, we investigated the relationship of n-1 switch cost and n-2 repetition cost. N-1 switch cost is observed when participants are asked to switch from one classification task to another, e.g., from judging a digit as odd or even to judging a digit as smaller or ...