Poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (pMEA) microspheres are prepared through facile free-radical polymerization in water without additives and impurities, such as surfactants, other polymers, and organic solvents, which are usually used to synthesize pMEA chains. Clean and pure (non-factionalized and ...

The common chemical and biological properties of antisense oligonucleotides provide the opportunity to identify and characterize chemical class effects across species. The chemical class that has proven to be the most versatile and best characterized is the 2′-O-methoxyethyl chimeric antisense ...

The present work represents a quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) study for predicting the gas-to-ionic liquid partition coefficients (log K) of organic solutes dissolved in 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate based on replacement me...

A novel triple reuptake inhibitor with low potential of liabilities associated with cationic amphiphilic drug (CAD) was identified following an analysis of existing drugs. Low molecular weight (MW

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Fumonisins and zearalenone are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. that commonly contaminate maize and its derivative products. Recent reports have shown that fumonisin B2 and B4 might also be produced by Aspergillus niger and Tolypocladum species, although their prevalence in maize is for sure...

Fumonisin B1 toxin (FB1) is a well-known competitive inhibitor of ceramide synthase (CS) in yeast. However, FB1 is unable to obstruct CS from Trichoderma spp., which are well-known biocontrol agents. To explore the contrasting binding modes, a comparative structural analysis of complexes of FB1 ...

1S,2R-Indene oxide is the precursor of cis-1S,2R-aminoindanol, a key intermediate for the Merck HIV–1 protease inhibitor, Crixivan®. As an alternative to the challenging chemical synthesis of this chiral epoxide from indene, the biotransformation route using an enzyme catalyst was examined. App...

Endogenous galactitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (GPDH) (EC 1.1.1.251) from Escherichia coli spontaneously interacts with Ni2+-NTA matrices becoming a potential contaminant for recombinant, target His-tagged proteins. Purified recombinant, untagged GPDH (rGPDH) converted galactitol into tagatos...

A two-step enzymatic strategy for the efficient and convenient synthesis of 6-deoxy-l-sorbose was reported herein. In the first reaction step, the isomerization of l-fucose (6-deoxy-l-galactose) to l-fuculose (6-deoxy-l-tagatose) catalyzed by l-fucose isomerase (FucI), and the epimerization of l...

Tagatose is a monosaccharide that contributes prebiotic characteristics to foods and beverages. Tagatose has the propensity to degrade depending upon product composition and storage environment. Intramolecular rearrangement and cleavage reactions are enhanced at higher pH levels. Citrate and pho...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter presents a procedure for the preparation of D-tagatose-6-phosphate, fructose-l-phosphate, L-sorbose-l-phosphate, and L-sorbose-6-phosphate. D-Tagatose can be converted to 1,2;3,4-diisopropylidene-D-tagatose by the procedure of Reichstein and Bosshard. The crystallin...

Dialyzed cell-free extracts of Lactobacillus casei deaminated galactosamine 6-phosphate to tagatose 6-phosphate and ammonia.

Publisher SummaryThis chapter describes a continuous spectrophotometric assay and purification of D-tagatose-6-phosphate kinase that is based on coupling adenosine diphosphate (ADP) formation to pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. This is an inducible enzyme that is instrumental in the ca...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter focuses on the synthesis of D-Galactose 6-phosphate and D-tagatose 6-phosphate. D-Galactose 6-phosphate and D-tagatose 6-phosphate are intermediates in the catabolism of lactose and D-galactose in Staphylococcus aureus and in group N streptococci. D-Tagatose 6-phosp...

Residual lactose and galactose in fermented dairy foods leads to several industrial and health concerns. There is very little information pertaining to manufacture of fermented dairy foods that are low in lactose and galactose. In the present study, comparative genomic survey demonstrated the co...

A highly branched arabinogalactan isolated from Larix principis-rupprechtii and subjected to sulfation derivatization to promote their antitumor bioactivity. Several structural features of the sulfated arabinogalactans (S-LAG) were investigated: molecular weight, monosaccharide constitution, and...

In this study, three sulfated polysaccharides (S-RSP1–2, S-RSP1–4 and S-RSP1–8) from Rhodiola sachalinensis were produced by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. d-gal was used to develop an oxidative stress model in the mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line NIH 3T3. Effects of the three sulfa...

To better understand the role of stationary sources during the evolution of haze, we investigated sulfate formation characteristics at different stages of four haze events in Beijing, China. The mass fraction of sulfate in PM2.5 increased while that of nitrate declined slightly during the worsen...

Endosulfan is one of the most widely used organochlorine cyclodiene insecticides. Microbial oxidation of endosulfan forms endosulfan sulfate, which is more or less toxic and persistent as endosulfan. Due to lack of specificity and efficiency of microbial bioremediation technique in the field con...