Benzene supplier | CasNO.71-43-2

Name
Benzene
EINECS 200-753-7
CAS No. 71-43-2
Article Data3748
CAS DataBase
Density 0.873 g/cm³
Solubility 0.18 g/100 mL in water
Melting Point 5.5 °C
Formula C₆H₆
Boiling Point 78.834 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 78.1136
Flash Point -11 °C
Transport Information UN 1114 3/PG 2
Appearance clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor
Safety 53-45-36/37
Risk Codes 45-46-11-36/38-48/23/24/25-65-39/23/24/25-23/24/25
Molecular Structure
Hazard Symbols F,T
Synonyms 1,3,5-Cyclohexatriene;Benzol;Benzole;Coal naphtha;Cyclohexatriene;NSC 67315;Phene;Phenylhydride;Pyrobenzol;Pyrobenzole;[6]Annulene;crude benzene;
PSA 0.00000
LogP 1.68660

Synthetic route

: 108-86-1
bromobenzene

: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide; ethanol; hydrogen; PdCl2-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone); palladium dichloride at 65℃; under 760 Torr; for 2h;	100%
With 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane dimer; triphenylstannane In toluene at 0℃;	100%
With TiCpCl2; diisobutylaluminium hydride In 1,4-dioxane at 80℃; for 4h; Product distribution; further reagents(Zr, Hf complexes), solvents, and temperatures; further halobenzenes, alkyl, alkenyl and cyclopropyl halides;	100%

: 591-50-4
iodobenzene

: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With tetrabutoxytitanium; diisobutylaluminium hydride In diethyl ether for 6h; Heating;	100%
With sodium hydroxide; ethanol; PdCl2-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone); palladium dichloride at 65℃; under 760 Torr; for 1h;	100%
With potassium tert-butylate; benzaldehyde In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 90℃; for 1h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;	99%

: 1165952-92-0
cyclohexa-1,4-diene

: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With [Mn(IV)(O)(BQCN)(H2O)](2+) In water; acetonitrile at 0℃; Kinetics; Concentration; Inert atmosphere;	100%
With Fe2(OH)0.6(2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) at 24℃;	100%
With oxygen; 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone; sodium nitrite In toluene at 120℃; under 9750.98 Torr; for 8h;	99%

: 1165952-91-9
cyclohexa-1,3-diene

: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; polystyrene-bound phenylselenic acid In tetrachloromethane for 12h; Product distribution; Heating; var. aromatic species; var. reaction times;	100%
With iron(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate; C65H77N5O4S2 In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 75℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 8h; Inert atmosphere;	78%
With [[HC-(CMeNC6H3(iPr)2)2]NiIII(O2)CuIII(N(indane)(2-pyridyl(ethylamine))2)](OTf) In dichloromethane at -60℃; Kinetics; Reagent/catalyst; Inert atmosphere;	49%

: 108-90-7
chlorobenzene

: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide; ethanol; hydrogen; PdCl2-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone); palladium dichloride at 65℃; under 760 Torr; for 2h; Product distribution; effect of bases and solvents on the hydrodechlorination;	100%
With potassium hydroxide; hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal; Aliquat 336 In 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at 50℃; for 4.5h;	100%
With sodium hydroxide; ethanol; hydrogen; PdCl2-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone); palladium dichloride at 65℃; under 760 Torr; for 2h;	100%

: 106-39-8
bromochlorobenzene

: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide; hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal; Aliquat 336 In water at 50℃; for 0.833333h;	100%
With di-tert-butyl peroxide; caesium carbonate; isopropyl alcohol at 120℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere;	93 %Chromat.
With ammonium formate In methanol at 20℃; for 16h;

: 3968-30-7
5-cyclopentylidene-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione

A: 2873-50-9
butatriene

B: 74-85-1
ethene

C: 124-38-9
carbon dioxide

D: 1165952-91-9
cyclohexa-1,3-diene

E: 67-64-1
acetone

F: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With variation of temp. at 550℃; Product distribution;	A 4% B 11.9% C 100% D 39.2% E 101.9 % F 3.3%

...Expand

: 106-46-7
para-dichlorobenzene

: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In water at 50℃; for 0.25h;	100%
With sodium hydroxide; ethanol; hydrogen; PdCl2-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone); palladium dichloride at 65℃; under 760 Torr; for 6h;	100%
With Ni[1,10-phenanthroline]2(PF6)2; water; zinc at 70℃; for 7h; Ionic liquid;	51.2%

: 1113-69-5
1,1-dicyano-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)ethene

A: 82947-39-5
2,2-Bis(trifluoromethyl)ethane-1,1-dicarbonitrile

B: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With cyclohexa-1,4-diene In chloroform-d1 Mechanism; Ambient temperature; or 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 2,5-dihydrofuran;	A 100% B 97%
With cyclohexa-1,4-diene In chloroform-d1 Ambient temperature; also with 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 2,5-dihydrofuran;	A 100% B 97%

: 97111-31-4, 97111-47-2
C22H17ClN6O

A: 97111-56-3
4-Chloro-1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline

B: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In chloroform-d1 at 60℃; for 0.0333333h; Product distribution; Thermodynamic data; Rate constant; other temperature, time;	A 100% B 80%

: 86379-23-9
5-(2-Chloro-phenoxy)-1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole

A: 5097-82-5
1-phenyl-5-hydroxytetrazole

B: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With cyclohexene; palladium on activated charcoal In ethanol; water; benzene for 4.16667h; Heating;	A n/a B 100%

: 95-50-1
1,2-dichloro-benzene

: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal; Aliquat 336 In water at 50℃; for 0.25h;	100%
With cyclohexane; CeCl3/C; palladium dichloride at 300℃; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Reagents; Temperatures;	99.9%
With Ni[1,10-phenanthroline]2(PF6)2; water; zinc at 70℃; for 7h; Ionic liquid;	58.2%

: 541-73-1
1,3-Dichlorobenzene

: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide; ethanol; hydrogen; PdCl2-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone); palladium dichloride at 65℃; under 760 Torr; for 2h;	100%
With Ni[1,10-phenanthroline]2(PF6)2; water; zinc at 70℃; for 7h; Ionic liquid;	46%
With Ni-Al clusters In tetrahydrofuran for 1.5h; Dehalogenation; reduction; hydrogenolysis; dechlorination; Heating;

: 617-86-7
triethylsilane

: (Z)-4,8-dimesityl-4,8-bis<2,4,6-trisphenyl>-4,8-disilabicyclo<5.1.0>octa-2,5-diene

A: 2-<2,4,6-trisphenyl>-1,1,1-triethyl-2-mesityldisilane

B: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In (2)H8-toluene at 120℃; for 30h;	A 100% B n/a

...Expand

: 1483-73-4
diphenyliodonium bromide

: mercury

A: 591-50-4
iodobenzene

B: 92-52-4
biphenyl

C: mercury(I) bromide

D: 1192-89-8
bromo(phenyl)mercury

E: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile Kinetics; byproducts: C6H5Br; at different temp. between 20-70°C; UV; yields for 45°C;	A 100% B 6-7 C n/a D n/a E 1.4%

...Expand

: 1483-72-3
diphenyliodonium chloride

: mercury

A: 591-50-4
iodobenzene

B: mercury(I) chloride

C: 92-52-4
biphenyl

D: 100-56-1
phenylmercury(II) chloride

E: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile Kinetics; at different temp. between 20-70°C; UV; yields for 45°C;	A 100% B 10-11 C 4-5 D 89-92 E 1.4%

...Expand

: diphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate

: 12775-96-1, 15158-11-9, 15721-63-8, 16941-75-6, 17493-86-6, 19498-52-3, 20499-83-6, 20499-84-7, 20499-85-8, 20499-86-9, 20573-10-8, 20573-11-9, 21595-51-7, 21595-52-8, 22206-52-6, 26445-28-3, 28959-95-7, 37362-93-9, 39417-05-5, 54603-16-6, 54603-23-5, 54603-32-6, 54603-40-6, 54603-48-4, 54603-81-5, 54603-89-3, 56316-56-4, 95985-91-4, 122297-32-9, 7440-50-8
copper

A: 462-06-6
fluorobenzene

B: 591-50-4
iodobenzene

C: 92-52-4
biphenyl

D: 14708-11-3
copper(I) tetrafluoroborate

E: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile Kinetics; stirred at 20-70°C; GLC;	A <1 B 100% C 95% D 99% E 5%

...Expand

: 13371-35-2
tetraphenylstibonium hydroxide

A: 4756-75-6
triphenyl antimony oxide

B: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In chlorobenzene byproducts: benzene; stirring soln. under Ar for 48 h at 110°C; distn. of solvent, G.C.anal. of benzene;	A 100% B 100%

: 21373-88-6, 16920-54-0
(PPh3)3CoH(N2)

: 1579-72-2
2,2,2-trifluoroethyl benzoate

A: 99668-73-2
(trifluoroethoxo)tris(triphenylphosphine)cobalt(I)

B: 120-51-4
benzoic acid benzyl ester

C: 7727-37-9
nitrogen

D: 1333-74-0
hydrogen

E: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In toluene PhCOOCH2CF3 added to toluene soln. of CoH(N2)(PPh3)3, evacuated, stirred at 20°C for 2 days;	A n/a B 28% C 100% D 17% E 32%

...Expand

: 101-84-8
diphenylether

A: 110-82-7
cyclohexane

B: 108-93-0
cyclohexanol

C: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With isopropyl alcohol at 150℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave;	A 25.1% B 100% C 74.9%
With isopropyl alcohol at 160℃; for 15h; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere;
With isopropyl alcohol at 150℃; for 10h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Sealed tube;	A 24.6 %Chromat. B 47.8 %Chromat. C 24.3 %Chromat.
With isopropyl alcohol at 150℃; for 6h; Temperature; Sealed tube;	A 15.2 %Chromat. B 17.7 %Chromat. C 5.8 %Chromat.

...Expand

: 88242-78-8
phenyl(p-carboran-2-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate

: sodium fluoride

A: 591-50-4
iodobenzene

B: 22784-33-4
2-iodo-closo-1,12-dodecaborane

C: 22762-43-2
2-fluoro-p-caborane

D: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane; water 25°C, 0.6 h;	A 99% B 0% C 99.5% D <0.5

...Expand

: 34557-54-5
methane

: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; molybdenum and barium-containing crystalline metallosilicate catalyst [Mo-B] at 200 - 700℃; Product distribution / selectivity;	99%
chromium(VI) oxide; HZHM (pentasil); platinum at 750℃; Product distribution;	14%
molybdenum for 2h; Product distribution / selectivity; Inert atmosphere;	12.4%

: 61415-37-0
<1-13C>-2-Phenylaethen

A: 31124-35-3
<α-13C>styrene

B: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
at 930℃; under 0.1 Torr; Product distribution; Mechanism; detected by 13C nmr;	A 99% B 1%

: sodium hydrogenfluoride

: 88242-78-8
phenyl(p-carboran-2-yl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate

A: 591-50-4
iodobenzene

B: 22784-33-4
2-iodo-closo-1,12-dodecaborane

C: 22762-43-2
2-fluoro-p-caborane

D: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane; water at 25°C, 0.5 h;	A 95% B <1 C 99% D <0.5

...Expand

: (C6H5)4SbSC6H5*0.06CHCl3

A: 92-52-4
biphenyl

B: 139-66-2
diphenyl sulfide

C: 603-36-1
triphenylantimony

D: 882-33-7
diphenyldisulfane

E: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) thermal decompn. of Sb compd. in a sealed tube on heating to 140°C for 3 h; not isolated, detected by GLC and TLC;	A 21% B 69% C 99% D 30% E 6%

...Expand

: 108-90-7
chlorobenzene

: 67-63-0
isopropyl alcohol

: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide at 24.84℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; UV-irradiation; Sealed tube;	99%

: 106-39-8
bromochlorobenzene

A: 108-90-7
chlorobenzene

B: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 35℃; for 4h; ultrasonic acceleration of reduction;	A 98% B n/a
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride; Tridecane In diethyl ether at 0℃; for 0.25h; Irradiation; Title compound not separated from byproducts;	A 77 % Chromat. B 18 % Chromat.
With Amberlite IRA-400; borohydride form; nickel diacetate In methanol at 20℃; for 3h; Reduction;	A 56 % Chromat. B 19 % Chromat.

: 108-86-1
bromobenzene

: 71-41-0
pentan-1-ol

A: 2050-04-6
(pentyloxy)benzene

B: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide; PEG-6000 at 150℃; for 6h;	A 98% B n/a

...Expand

: 591-50-4
iodobenzene

: 107-31-3
Methyl formate

A: 93-58-3
benzoic acid methyl ester

B: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium methylate; bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium(II) chloride In dichloromethane at 40℃; under 11250.9 Torr; for 4h;	A 98% B 1%

...Expand

: 108-37-2
1-bromo-3-chlorobenzene

A: 108-90-7
chlorobenzene

B: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 35℃; for 4h; ultrasonic acceleration of reduction;	A 98% B n/a

: 609-65-4
o-chlorobenzoyl chloride

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 5162-03-8
(2-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methanone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With aluminium trichloride for 19.5h; Heating;	100%
Friedel-Crafts reaction;	90%
iron(III) chloride at 109℃; for 0.458333h; Product distribution / selectivity; Irradiation;	83%

: 555-16-8
4-nitrobenzaldehdye

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 2945-12-2
1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-nitrobenzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With Nafion-H at 150℃; for 0.5h; Microwave irradiation;	100%
With boron trifluoride monohydrate at 50℃; for 2h; Sealed tube;	98%
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid at 50℃; for 0.583333h;	96%

: 100-44-7
benzyl chloride

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 101-81-5
Diphenylmethane

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With Anthyllis vulneraria/Noccaea caerulescens extracts supported in montmorillonite K10 at 25℃; for 3h; Friedel Crafts alkylation; regioselective reaction;	100%
lithium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate for 8h; Friedel-Crafts benzylation; Heating;	96%
With carbon monoxide at 130℃; under 7600.51 Torr; for 10h; Friedel-Crafts alkylation;	95%

: 104-83-6
1-Chloro-4-(chloromethyl)benzene

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 831-81-2
4-chlorophenyl(phenyl)methane

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
lithium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate for 8h; Friedel-Crafts benzylation; Heating;	100%
With phosphonic Acid at 150℃; for 36h; Inert atmosphere;	56%
aluminium trichloride In nitromethane at 20℃; Rate constant;
With aluminium trichloride

: 111-50-2
Adipic acid dichloride

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 3375-38-0
1,4-dibenzoylbutane

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With zinc(II) chloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 24h;	100%
With aluminium trichloride	58%
With aluminum (III) chloride at 50 - 60℃; for 2h;	50%

: 75-36-5
acetyl chloride

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 98-86-2
acetophenone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With aluminum (III) chloride In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; Friedel-Crafts Acylation; Inert atmosphere;	100%
With iron(III) oxide at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Friedel Crafts acylation; regioselective reaction;	98%
With zinc at 60 - 62℃; for 0.00833333h; Friedel-Crafts acylation; microwave irradiation;	95%

: 625-36-5
2-chloropropionyl chloride

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 936-59-4
3-chloropropiophenone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With aluminum (III) chloride In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere;	100%
aluminium trichloride; nitromethane In carbon disulfide for 2h; Product distribution; Mechanism; Ambient temperature; further Friedel-Crafts catalysts, further arenes, further haloacid chlorides; variation of temperature and time;	88%
aluminium trichloride; nitromethane In carbon disulfide for 2h; Ambient temperature;	88%

: 563-76-8
α-bromopropionyl bromide

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 2114-00-3
2-bromo-1-phenyl-1-propanone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With aluminium trichloride In dichloromethane at 20 - 40℃; for 2.5h;	100%
With aluminum (III) chloride at 20 - 30℃; for 3h; Friedel-Crafts Acylation;	90.1%
With carbon disulfide; aluminium trichloride
With aluminium trichloride

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 108-86-1
bromobenzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With carbon dioxide; bromine at 40℃; under 187519 Torr; for 2h; Supercritical conditions; Green chemistry;	100%
With lead(II,IV) oxide; trifluoroacetic acid; potassium bromide at 20℃; Product distribution; reagents ratio;	96%
With gold(III) chloride; N-Bromosuccinimide In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 80℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction;	94%

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 591-50-4
iodobenzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With cobalt(III) acetate; trifluoroacetic acid; potassium iodide In water at 25℃; for 0.00333333h; Mn(OAc)3 or (NH4)2Ce(SO4)3 instead Co(OAc)3; object of study: oxidative iodination promoted by Co(III), Ni(III) or Ce(IV);	100%
With cobalt(III) acetate; trifluoroacetic acid In water at 25℃; for 0.00333333h;	100%
With iodine; silver trifluoromethanesulfonate In dichloromethane at 20℃;	100%

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 110-82-7
cyclohexane

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; [(norbornadiene)rhodium(I)chloride]2; polydiacetylene In n-heptane at 30℃; under 60800 Torr; for 0.9h; Product distribution; various aromatic compounds and other catalyst also investigated;	100%
With hydrogen; Ni-Tc on γ-Al2O3 at 175 - 250℃; under 760 Torr; Product distribution; dependence of catalytic activity on the reduction temperature; enhanced activity of bimetallic catalysts;	100%
With hydrogen; decacarbonyldirhenium(0) at 230℃; under 75005.9 Torr; for 0.25h;	100%

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 1076-43-3
benzene-d6

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With water-d2; [Ru(2,6-bis((di-t-Bu-phosphino)methyl)pyridine)(η2-H2)H2] In cyclohexane at 50℃; for 72h;	100%
With CD5(1+) In gas at 57.9℃; Rate constant; experiment conditions: NBS pulsed ion cyclotron resonance;
With C(2)H3CN(2)H(1+) In gas at 57.9℃; Rate constant; Mechanism; Thermodynamic data; experiment conditions: NBS pulsed ion cyclotron resonance; probability of a reactive H/D exchange encounter for the deuteronated ion as a function of the Gibbs free-energy change of the (endoergic) deuteron transfer reaction; further reagents;

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 608-73-1, 119911-70-5
1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine for 48h; Irradiation;	100%
With chlorine Rate constant; Irradiation;
With chlorine im Sonnenlicht; α-benzene hexachloride;

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 62-53-3
aniline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With tris-(2-chloro-ethyl)-amine; trifluorormethanesulfonic acid; trifluoroacetic acid In chloroform at 40℃; for 12h; Product distribution; Mechanism; various acids, various substrates;	100%
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid; trimethylsilylazide at 55℃; for 0.833333h; Product distribution; Mechanism; other arenes or substituted arenes; var. temperatures and time;	95%
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid; trimethylsilylazide In chloroform at 90℃; under 5250.53 Torr; for 0.0466667h; Flow reactor;	86%

: 6832-16-2
methyl diazoacetate

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 32399-46-5
7-(methoxycarbonyl)cycloheptatriene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
rhodium(II) trifluoroacetate dimer at 22℃; for 2h; Product distribution; other aromatic reaction partners, other diazo esters;	100%
rhodium(II) trifluoroacetate dimer at 22℃; for 2h; Product distribution; var. rhodium(II) salt;	100%
rhodium(II) trifluoroacetate dimer at 22℃; for 2h;	100%
Heating;

: 623-73-4
diazoacetic acid ethyl ester

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 27332-37-2
ethyl cyclohepta-2,4,6-trienecarboxylate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With Ag3(μ2-(3,5-(CF3)2PyrPy))3 In dichloromethane; benzene at 25℃; for 2h; Catalytic behavior; Time; Solvent; Buchner Ring Enlargement; Darkness;	100%
rhodium(II) trifluoroacetate dimer at 22℃; for 2h;	98%
With C28H6Au2Cu2F24N2 In cyclohexane for 12h; Inert atmosphere;	98%

: 1445-73-4
1-Methyl-4-piperidone

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 31309-39-4
Medipine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid at 20℃; for 3h;	100%
With aluminium trichloride at 60℃; for 2h; Yield given;

: 6277-18-5
2-iodo-5-nitrothiophene

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 18150-93-1
2-nitro-5-phenylthiophene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
for 1h; Irradiation;	100%
In acetonitrile for 1h; Irradiation;	98%
at 20℃; Quantum yield; Irradiation;
With benzophenone at 20℃; Quantum yield; Further Variations:; Reagents; Irradiation;

Benzene Specification

Benzene, also kanow as (6)Annulene, is clear colorless, highly flammable liquid with a petroleum-like odor. It evaporates into the air very quickly. Benzene is a natural constituent of crude oil, and is one of the most basic petrochemicals. It is widely used as solvent and precursor in a range of products. By substitution, addition reaction and benzene ring rupture reaction, many important chemical intermediates can be derived.

Benzene is insoluble in water. In addition to glycerol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,4 - butanediol and other polyols, Benzene can be miscible with alcohol, chloroform, ether, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, glacial acetic acid, acetone, toluene, xylene, aliphatic hydrocarbon and most organic solvents. With the exception of slightly dissolved iodine and sulfur, the inorganic substance is insoluble in benzene.

Preparation: The production and supply of benzene in different countries and regions are not the same. The United States is mainly get the benzene from the restructuring gasoline. The Western Europe is mainly from pyrolysis gasoline. And China is mainly from the restructuring gasoline and coking by-product.

1. Coking by-product: There is part of benzene in the high temperature tar of coking by-product. After some treamtent, benzene is obtained.

2. Pyrolysis gasoline: Benzene The pyrolysis gasoline generally contains about 40% -70% aromatic hydrocarbon. About 37% of aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene, about 14% is toluene, and about 5% is xylene. Benzene can be extracted by hydrogenation and dealkylation.

3. Benzene also can be prepared by toluene from hydrodealkylation. In this hydrogen-intensive process, toluene is mixed with hydrogen. Then in the presence of catalysts Chromium, Molybdenum or Platinum oxide, the reaction happens at 500–600 °C and 40–60 atm pressure. A typical reaction yield exceeds 95 %.
C₆H₅CH₃ + H2 → C₆H₆ + CH4

Uses: 1. Benzene is used as important raw material of synthetic dye, synthetic rubbers, synthetic resin, synthetic fiber, synthetic grain, plastics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, photographic film and petrochemical products. Benzene has good solubility, so it is widely used as adhesive and industrial solvent such as lacquer thinner of varnish and nitrocellulose, paint remover, lubricant, grease, wax, celluloid, resin, leather.

2. Benzene is also used as standard sample in the measurment of refractive index. And it can be used as solvent and cleaning agent in precision optical instruments, electronics and so on.

3. It is used as solvent of cosmetics, paint, rubber, glue, etc. Today, benzene is used mainly as an intermediate to make other chemicals. For example: it can react with azidobenzene to get diphenylamine. This reaction needs reagent at temperature of 55 °C. The reaction time is 1 hours. The yield is 82%.

Benzene can react with azidobenzene to get diphenylamine

Safty: Benzene is toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. Moreover, it is harmful that may cause lung damage if swallowed. In addition, Benzene has danger of very serious irreversible effects and serious damage to health by prolonged exposure that may cause heritable genetic damage. If you want to contact this product, you must wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) Please avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.

Structure Descriptors:
1. Smiles:c1ccccc1
2. InChI:InChI=1/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H

Toxicity:

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
cat	LCLo	inhalation	170000mg/m³ (170000mg/m³)		"Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 324, 1955.
dog	LCLo	inhalation	146000mg/m³ (146000mg/m³)		"Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 324, 1955.
dog	LDLo	oral	2gm/kg (2000mg/kg)		"Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1313, 1935.
frog	LDLo	subcutaneous	1400mg/kg (1400mg/kg)		"Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1313, 1935.
guinea pig	LD50	skin	> 9400uL/kg (9.4mL/kg)		Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 7, Pg. 559, 1965.
guinea pig	LDLo	intraperitoneal	527mg/kg (527mg/kg)		"Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 42, 1955.
human	LCLo	inhalation	65mg/m³/5Y (65mg/m³)	BLOOD: OTHER CHANGES	Archiv fuer Geschwulstforschung. Vol. 44, Pg. 145, 1974.
human	LCLo	inhalation	2pph/5M (20000ppm)		Tabulae Biologicae. Vol. 3, Pg. 231, 1933.
human	TCLo	inhalation	100ppm (100ppm)	BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, OTHER: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE" GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING	Industrial Medicine. Vol. 17, Pg. 199, 1948.
mammal (species unspecified)	LCLo	inhalation	20000ppm/5M (20000ppm)		Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 138, Pg. 65, 1928.
mammal (species unspecified)	LD50	oral	5700mg/kg (5700mg/kg)		Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 39(4), Pg. 86, 1974.
mammal (species unspecified)	LDLo	intraperitoneal	1500mg/kg (1500mg/kg)	PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE) BEHAVIORAL: IRRITABILITY BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD	American Journal of Hygiene. Vol. 7, Pg. 276, 1927.
man	LDLo	oral	50mg/kg (50mg/kg)		Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. Vol. 22, Pg. 883, 1980.
man	LDLo	unreported	194mg/kg (194mg/kg)		"Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970Vol. 2, Pg. 73, 1970.
man	TCLo	inhalation	150ppm/1Y-I (150ppm)	BLOOD: OTHER CHANGES	Blut. Vol. 28, Pg. 293, 1974.
mouse	LC50	inhalation	9980ppm (9980ppm)	BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA	Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 25, Pg. 366, 1943.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	340mg/kg (340mg/kg)		Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Vol. 243, Pg. 104, 1975.
mouse	LD50	oral	4700mg/kg (4700mg/kg)		Hygiene and Sanitation Vol. 32(3), Pg. 349, 1967.
mouse	LD50	skin	48mg/kg (48mg/kg)		Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 5, 1974.
rabbit	LCLo	inhalation	45000ppm/30M (45000ppm)		Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 26, Pg. 69, 1944.
rabbit	LD50	skin	> 9400uL/kg (9.4mL/kg)		Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 7, Pg. 559, 1965.
rabbit	LDLo	intravenous	88mg/kg (88mg/kg)	PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE GASTROINTESTINAL: GASTRITIS SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: HEMORRHAGE: EYE	Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Vol. (Suppl,
rat	LC50	inhalation	10000ppm/7H (10000ppm)		"Toxicology and Biochemistry of Aromatic Hydrocarbons," Gerarde, H., New York, Elsevier, 1960Vol. -, Pg. 113, 1960.
rat	LD50	intraperitoneal	1100ug/kg (1.1mg/kg)		Acta Physiologica Polonica. Vol. 12, Pg. 173, 1961.
rat	LD50	oral	930mg/kg (930mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD	Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 7, Pg. 767, 1965.

Product Name

Benzene

Synthetic route

Benzene Specification

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