Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
3h at 290-300°C, flowing hydrogen, react. start even at 282°C; | 100% |
below temp. of sintering; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water Al powder activated with HCl; pptn. of Cd; | A n/a B 100% |
In water Al powder activated with HCl; pptn. of Cd; | A n/a B 100% |
In water Al wire; incomplete pptn. of Cd; pptn. within some minutes in presence of sodium potassium tartrate; | |
In water Al wire; incomplete pptn. of Cd; pptn. within some minutes in presence of sodium potassium tartrate; |
bis-{tris-(pentafluoro phenyl) germanium} cadmium
B
cadmium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene to Cd compd. soln. added complex soln., reacted for 20 h at 20°C; Cd centrifugated, org. layer decanted, concd. (vac.), pptd. (hexane, for 24 h at -78°C); | A 79% B 100% |
cadmium(II) chloride
B
cadmium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran N2-atmosphere; stirring Yb-complex with 0.5 equiv. of halide (room temp., 16 h); filtration, washing (THF), evapn. (vac.), drying (vac.); | A 80% B 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
equiv amts. of educts, 950°C, 4h, 1 atm, 0.5 l/h N2; | 97% |
with 25% excess of ferromanganese, 900°C; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
finely powdered Mn. equiv amts. of educts, 950°C, 4h, 1 atm, 0.5 l/h N2; | 97% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: NaI, tBu3SiH; N2 atm.; molar ratio CdI2:RNa 1:2, 20°C; evapn., extraction (pentane), filtn., crystn. (48 h, -23°C); elem. anal.; | A 91% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene byproducts: C3H8, C3H6; addn. of vanadocene in toluene to Cd-compd. at -78°C, brought to room temp.; crystn.; elem. anal.; | A 90% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) V-compd. added to Cd-compd. at room temp., immediate reaction; extd. (pentane); | A 90% B n/a |
cadmium(II) chloride
A
bis[2,6-bis(diethylaminomethyl)phenyl]cadmium
B
cadmium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether byproducts: LiCl; Ar atmosphere, in the dark, addn. of portions of soln. of lithium compound to metal chloride, warming, stirring (room temp., 16 h); removement of solvent (vacuum), suspension (n-pentane), filtration, reductn. of volume, crystn. (-20°C); elem. anal.; | A 62% B n/a |
cadmium(II) chloride
A
bis(2-diethylaminomethylphenyl)cadmium
B
cadmium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether byproducts: LiCl; Ar atmosphere, in the dark, addn. of metal chloride soln. to soln. of lithium compound, warming, stirring (room temp., 14 h); removement of solvent (vacuum), suspension (n-hexane), filtration, reductn. of volume, crystn. (-20°C); elem. anal.; | A 59% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With (C5H4N)2 In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: (CH3CH2)3GeCl; (dry Ar); soln. of (Et3Ge)2Cd added to TiCl4*2THF at -20°C; 1 h;after 20 h at 20°C Cd and TiCl3*3THF pptd.; bipy added to THF soln., kept for 24 h at 20°C, TiCl1.7*1.5bipy pptd.; THF removed in vacuo, residue washed (hexane), dried; elem. anal.; | A 55% B 44.6% C 2% D n/a E 5% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether byproducts: LiCl; Ar atmosphere, in the dark, addn. of portions of soln. of lithium compound to metal chloride, warming, stirring (room temp., 12 h); removement of solvent (vacuum), suspension (n-pentane), filtration, reductn. of volume, crystn. (-20°C); elem. anal.; | A 0% B 49% C n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene byproducts: C3H8, C3H6; under Ar or in a vac.; addn. of Cd-compd. to soln. of Ni-compd. at -78°C, brought to room temp., kept for 3d, pptn.; decantation, washed (toluene); elem. anal.; | A 0.85% B <0.01 |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water Electrolysis; electrolysis of 144 g/l NiSO4*7H2O, 10 g/l H3BO3 and 1.3 g/l Cd-salt at 20 °C; (the Cd concentration and the color of the cover depended on the current density and the Cd concentration of the electrolyte);; | |
In water Electrolysis; electrolysis of 144 g/l NiSO4*7H2O, 10 g/l H3BO3 and 1.3 g/l Cd-salt at 20 °C; (the Cd concentration and the color of the cover depended on the current density and the Cd concentration of the electrolyte);; |
cadmium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water Electrolysis; 15-20°C, 0.5 A/dm^2; Cd layer sepd. from polished steel; | |
With potassium In ammonia pptn.; | |
In water | |
With K In ammonia |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ammonia pyrophoric Cd dust product; | |
In ammonia |
cadmium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With H3PO4; NH4Cl; NH4ClO4 In water Electrolysis; current d. and bath compn. given, Cd cathode, Cd anode; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
decomposition in presence of water;; | |
decomposition in presence of water;; |
cadmium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In further solvent(s) Electrolysis; 100°C, Cu cathode, Pt anode, bath compn., current d. given; solvent: acetamide; | |
With potassium cyanide In not given Electrolysis; deposition of Cd by electrolysis of a soln. containing 0.1 n-Cd(CN)2 and excess of 0.3 n-KCl at 18 °C; deposition potential 2.6 V at usual temps.;; | |
In ammonia Electrolysis; satd. soln. of Cd(CN)2, Cu cathode, Pt anode, current d. given; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With NaOH; NaCN Electrolysis; 20°C; compn. of agitated bath in g/l: upto 16 Cd in form of Na2{Cd(CN)4}, 60 Zn(CN)2, 60 NaOH, 40 NaCN; pptn. of Cd begins at <-1.0 V, beginning Zn deposition at ca. -1.25 to -1.3 V; | |
With NaOH; NaCN Electrolysis; 20°C; compn. of agitated bath in g/l: 2 Cd in form of Na2{Cd(CN)4}, 100 Zn(CN)2, 100 NaOH, 160 NaCN; current density < 0.2 A/dm^2; final cathodic potential: ca. -1.5 V; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: NaI, Si2(tBu)6; N2 atm.; alkane as solvent (pentane or heptane), room temp., molar ratioRNa:CdI2 2:1; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In not given deposition of Cd on polished cylindric Zn slab from soln. of CdSO4 and Cd(SO3NH2)2; 18°C;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide In melt byproducts: H2O; in molten NaOH; analogous reaction with natural arsenides; | |
With NaOH In melt byproducts: H2O; in molten NaOH; analogous reaction with natural arsenides; |
cadmium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen byproducts: H2S; >450°C or between 524-1152°C; equil.; | |
With aluminium reduction of CdS with Al;; | |
With calcium carbide 800°C; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
>444°C; | |
>444°C; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
byproducts: SO2; | 0% |
byproducts: SO2; | 0% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt in NaOH melt; | |
In melt in NaOH melt; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) 1:3:1 mixt. at 773°C for 6 ds, slowly cooled to room temp.; XRD; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) 1:3:1 mixt. at 873°C for 6 ds, slowly cooled to room temp.; XRD; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) under Ar; mixt. was heated to 523 K for 1 d, then heated at 1023 K for 1d, then cooled to 773 K at 2 K/h, kept at 773 K for 3 d, then cooled to 473 K at 2 K/h in 5 d before switching off the furnace; XRD; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) at 600 - 950℃; for 111h; Sealed tube; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) at 750℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt mixt. heated at 750°C for 72 h with rocking in evacuated silica tubes; cooled to 550°C (5°/h), then to 50°C in 10 h; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt mixt. heated at 750°C for 2 h with rocking in evacuated silica tubes; cooled to 550°C (20°/h), then to room temp. in 10 h; | 99% |
cadmium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) mixt. of HgCl2, Hg, Cd, As (6:1:2:8 molar ratio) heated at 450°C for 120 h; XRD, TGA; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) mixt. of HgBr2, Cd, As (3:1:4 molar ratio) heated at 350°C for 120 h; TGA, XRD; | 99% |
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) mixt. of HgBr2, Cd, As (1:0.5:1 molar ratio) heated at 350°C for 120 h; elem. anal.; |
copper(l) iodide
Iodotrifluoroethylene
cadmium
trifluorovinyl copper
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide byproducts: CdI2; N2; slight excess of acid-washed Cd powder added to alkene soln.; mild exothermic reaction after induction period; removal of excess Cd by press. filtrn. under N2; stirring mixt. at 0 °C for half h with CuI or CuBr; final warming to room temp.; (19)F NMR; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) mixt. was heated at 320°C for 120 h; XRD; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) mixt. of Hg2I2, Hg, Cd, Sb (3:1:1:4 molar ratio) heated at 350°C for 120 h; TGA, XRD; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) (Ar or vac.); heated to 900°C at a rate of 200°C/h, kept at 900°C for 20 h, cooled to 500°C at a rate of 5°C/h; allowed to cool to room temp.; | A 1% B 1% C 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: cesium sulfide; bismuth(III) sulfide; sulfur; cadmium In neat (no solvent) at 300℃; for 7h; Sealed tube; Stage #2: In neat (no solvent) at 450℃; for 12h; Sealed tube; Stage #3: In neat (no solvent) at 700℃; for 48h; Sealed tube; | A 99% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Et4NClO4 In acetone byproducts: H2; Electrolysis; electrolysis (25 V, 4 h); filtn., evapn., collection, vashing (Et2O), drying (vac.); elem. anal.; | 97% |
N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)-1,3-diamino-2-propanol
cadmium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetonitrile byproducts: H2; Electrolysis; The metal was used as the anode, and tetramethylammonium perchlorate assupporting electrolyte. 17.6 V initial voltage, 11400 s; filtration, washing (acetonitrile, Et2O), elem. anal.; | 97% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetone Kinetics; react. of Cd with EtI in acetone (EtI:Cd 1:6.7 (moles), EtI:solvent 1:4 (v/v), 300 K);; | A 4% B 96% |
In N,N-dimethyl acetamide Kinetics; react. of Cd with EtI in dimethylacetamide (EtI:Cd 1:6.7 (moles), EtI:solvent 1:4 (v/v), 300 K);; | A 95% B 5% |
In pyridine Kinetics; react. of Cd with EtI in pyridine (EtI:Cd 1:6.7 (moles), EtI:solvent 1:4 (v/v), 300 K);; | A 93% B 7% |
3-aza-N-(2-[1-aza-2-(5-nitro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-vinyl]phenyl)-4-(5-nitro-2-hydroxyphenyl)but-3-enamide
cadmium
[Cd(II)(3-aza-N-(2-(1-aza-2-(5-nitro-2-oxyphenyl)-vinyl)phenyl)-4-(5-nitro-2-oxyphenyl)but-3-enamide)(H2O)]
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Me4NClO4 In acetonitrile Electrochem. Process; small amt. of Me4NClO4 added to soln. of ligand in MeCN, electrolyzed (metal anode, Pt cathode) at 9.7-60.4 V for 8340 s; filtered, washed with MeCN and Et2O, dried in vac.; elem anal.; | 96% |
2,6-bis(1-[2-(tosylamino)phenylimino]ethyl)pyridine
cadmium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With (CH3)4NClO4; Pt In acetone Electrolysis; suspn. of ligand in warm acetone (contained Me4NClO4 as supporting electrolyte) electrolysed for 2.5 h (10 mA) using metal plate as anode and Ptwire as cathode; solid washed with Et2O, dried in vac., elem. anal.; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) all manipulations under N2 atm.; calcd. amts. of elements and K2S sealedunder vac. in silica tube and heated to 500°C (50°C/h) fo r 4 d, cooled to room temp. (5°C/h); excess flux (K2S) removed with MeOH; elem. anal.; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Et4NClO4 In acetone byproducts: H2; Electrolysis; electrolysis (25 V, 3 h); elem. anal.; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt stoich. amounts of Cs, Cd and Sb heated at 550°C for 10 h in welded niobium containers under vac., cooled (5°C/h); elem. anal. (ICP-OES); | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: rubidium sulfide; bismuth(III) sulfide; sulfur; cadmium In neat (no solvent) at 300℃; for 7h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: In neat (no solvent) at 800℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetonitrile byproducts: H2; Electrolysis; electrochemical cell with a platinum cathode and a Cd-anode attached to a platinum wire, in presence of Et4NClO4, N2 bubbled slowly through the soln., reaction time: 2.5 h, 20 V; filtered, washed with CH3CN, dried in vac.; elem. anal.; | 94% |
NTP 10th Report on Carcinogens. IARC Cancer Review: Group 1 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 58 , 1993,p. 119.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 2 , 1973,p. 74.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 11 , 1976,p. 39.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 58 , 1993,p. 119.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 7 , 1987,p. 139.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 58 , 1993,p. 119.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) . Cadmium and its compounds are on the Community Right-To-Know List. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.
OSHA PEL: TWA 5 μg(Cd)/m3
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3 (metal), Suspected Human Carcinogen; TWA 0.002 mg(Cd)/m3 (respirable dust), Suspected Human Carcinogen); BEI: 5 μg/g creatinine in urine; 5 μg/L in blood
DFG MAK: DFG BAT: Blood 1.5 μg/dL; Urine 15 μg/dL. MAK: Animal Carcinogen, Suspected Human Carcinogen
NIOSH REL: (Cadmium) Reduce to lowest feasible level
For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-125 G or NIOSH: Cadmium, 7048; Welding and Brazing Fume, 7200; Elements, 7300.
The Cadmium, with the cas registry number 7440-43-9, is a kind of silvery white metal. It is soluble in hot sulfuric acid, diluted nitric acid and insoluble in water. Being stable chemically. it is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, nitrates, nitric acid, selenium, zinc. And its product categories are including Metals; Inorganics; Analytical Reagents; Replacement Kit Items; Water Test; Metal and Ceramic Science; Cadmium; Reagent Plus; CadmiumEssential Chemicals; CadmiumMetal and Ceramic Science; Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry; Chemical Synthesis; Routine Reagents.
The characteristics of this chemical are as follows: (1)#H bond acceptors: 0; (2)#H bond donors: 0; (3)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 0; (4)Polar Surface Area: 0; (5)Exact Mass: 113.903358; (6)MonoIsotopic Mass: 113.903358; (7)Heavy Atom Count: 1; (8)Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1.
The production method of this chemical is below: Prepare the metal cadmium as the raw material and then go thought the process of decompression, distillation and rectification to get this chemical.
As to its usage, it is widely applied in many ways. It could be used in producing cadmium salt, cadmium mercuryvapourlamp, smoke bomb, pigment, alloy, welding flux and metallurgy deoxidizing agent; It could also be used as the semiconductor high-purity material.
When you are using this chemical, you should be very cautious. For one thing, it is irritant which may cause inflammation to the skin or other mucous membranes, and is irritating to eyes and skin. For another thing, for being a kind of toxic chemical which may at very low levels cause damage to health, it will be very dangrous if by inhalation and if swallowed. Besides, it may cause cancer and then has possible risk of irreversible effects. It has the danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure. In addition, it will be dangerous for the environment which may present an immediate or delayed danger to one or more components of the environment. Being very toxic to aquatic organisms, it may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. Beside all these. it is highly flammable which may catch fire in contact with air, only needing brief contact with an ignition source. And it has a very low flash point or evolve highly flammable gases in contact with water.
Due to so many dangers, you could take different measures to deal with different cases. Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. If in case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice; If in case of fire use ... (there follows the type of fire-fighting equipment to be used.)
S7:Keep container tightly closed; If in case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) And when store it, keep it in a dry and cool place and this material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. Then remember to avoid releasing to the environment, and you could also refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.
Additionally, you could convert the following datas into the molecular structure:
(1)Canonical SMILES: [Cd]
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/Cd
(3)InChIKey: BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Below are the toxicity information of this chemical:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
human | LCLo | inhalation | 39mg/m3/20M (39mg/m3) | CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES VASCULAR: THROMBOSIS DISTANT FROM INJECTION SITE LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION | American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 31, Pg. 180, 1970. |
man | LDLo | unreported | 15mg/kg (15mg/kg) | "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970Vol. 2, Pg. 73, 1970. | |
man | TCLo | inhalation | 88ug/m3/8.6Y (0.088mg/m3) | KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: PROTEINURIS | Archives of Environmental Health. Vol. 28, Pg. 147, 1974. |
mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 5700ug/kg (5.7mg/kg) | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 37, Pg. 403, 1976. | |
mouse | LD50 | oral | 890mg/kg (890mg/kg) | "Aktual'nye Problemy Gigieny Truda. Current Problems of Labor Hygiene," Tarasenko, N.Y., ed. Moscow, Pervyi Moskovskii Meditsinskii Inst., 1978Vol. -, Pg. 14, 1978. | |
mouse | LD50 | unreported | 890mg/kg (890mg/kg) | Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 22(5), Pg. 6, 1978. | |
rabbit | LDLo | intravenous | 5mg/kg (5mg/kg) | Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire. Vol. 35, Pg. 693, 1928. | |
rabbit | LDLo | oral | 70mg/kg (70mg/kg) | Archives des Maladies Professionnelles de Medecine du Travail et de Securite Sociale. Vol. 34, Pg. 127, 1973. | |
rabbit | LDLo | subcutaneous | 6mg/kg (6mg/kg) | "Problemes de Toxicologie Alimentaire," Truhaut, R., Paris, France, L'evolution Pharmaceutique, 1955Vol. -, Pg. -, 1955. | |
rat | LC50 | inhalation | 25mg/m3/30M (25mg/m3) | LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA | Sangyo Igaku. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health. Vol. 16, Pg. 212, 1974. |
rat | LD50 | oral | 2330mg/kg (2330mg/kg) | "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978Vol. -, Pg. 67, 1978. | |
rat | LD50 | unreported | 1140mg/kg (1140mg/kg) | Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 22(5), Pg. 6, 1978. |
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