bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate
A
tetrachloromethane
B
phosgene
C
carbon dioxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With copper phthalocyanine at 90℃; for 0.583333h; Mechanism; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Time; | A n/a B 100% C n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With chlorine; aluminum oxide; molybdenum(VI) oxide at 380 - 400℃; for 0.00277778h; other metal oxide catalysts; | A 98.2% B 96.3% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile); chlorine; aluminum oxide; molybdenum(VI) oxide at 380 - 400℃; for 0.00277778h; | A 95.15% B 98.06% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
iron(III) chloride Kinetics; heating in a sealed tube, 350°C 26 atm 20 h; | A 86% B n/a |
iron(III) chloride Kinetics; heating in a sealed tube, 400°C 28 atm 17 h; | A 84% B n/a |
aluminium trichloride Kinetics; heating in a sealed tube, 400°C 144 atm 2 h; | A 81% B n/a |
toluene
A
tetrachloromethane
B
hexachlorobenzene
C
α,α,2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorotoluene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With chlorine; KSK silica gel; magnesium chloride at 295 - 320℃; for 0.005h; other methal oxide and chloride catalysts; | A n/a B n/a C 84% |
arsenic pentafluoride
trans-CF3SF4Cl
A
tetrachloromethane
B
chlorodifluorosulfur(IV) hexafluoroarsenate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) The react. mixt. is warmed slowly from -78°C to +25°C over a period of 12-16 h.; Elem.anal.; | A n/a B 70% |
In dichloromethane The react. mixt. is warmed slowly from -78°C to +25°C over a period of 12-16 h.; Elem.anal.; | A n/a B 70% |
In neat (no solvent) Rapid warmup of the react. mixt.; Elem.anal.; | A n/a B 50% |
In dichloromethane Rapid warmup of the react. mixt.; Elem.anal.; | A n/a B 50% |
methane
A
tetrachloromethane
B
methylene chloride
C
dichloromethane
D
chloroform
E
methanesulfonyl chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride; sulfur dioxide; chlorine at 63 - 67℃; under 6750.68 Torr; Photolysis; | A n/a B n/a C n/a D n/a E 55% |
phosgene
hydrogen fluoride
chlorine
A
tetrachloromethane
B
chlorotrifluoromethane
C
Dichlorodifluoromethane
D
trichlorofluoromethane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With catalyst : charcoal heating in autoclave, 350°C, 6 h, charcoal impregnated with FeCl3; | A 7% B 13% C 47% D 7% |
perfluoro(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl fluoride)
A
tetrachloromethane
B
phosgene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With aluminium trichloride at 100℃; for 100h; | A 0.03 g B 0.02 g C 38.7% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) equilibrium over catalyst; equilibrium constant at 290-540°C;; | A n/a B 22% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With mercury dichloride In ethanol reaction in abs. alcohol at 100°C for 6 h;; | 17% |
With chlorine im Licht; | |
With chlorine at 100℃; |
methane
A
tetrachloromethane
B
methylene chloride
C
dichloromethane
D
chloroform
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With chlorine for 4h; Product distribution; Ambient temperature; var. catalysts and times; | A 4.8% B 6.5% C 15% D 14% |
With molybdenum(V) chloride at 699.9℃; Product distribution; Mechanism; var. time, temp., and transition-metal chlorides; var. methane and argon flow rates; | |
With copper dichloride In melt at 449.9℃; Kinetics; Product distribution; further temperatures and concentrations; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 168℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With chlorine | |
With iodine; chlorine |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With chlorine |
phosgene
Carbonyl fluoride
A
tetrachloromethane
B
chlorotrifluoromethane
C
Dichlorodifluoromethane
D
trichlorofluoromethane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 420 - 450℃; Produkt 5-8:Carbonylchloridfluorid,Carbonylchlorid,Kohlendioxid,Tetrafluormethan; | |
at 450℃; Produkt 5-8:Carbonylchloridfluorid,Carbonylchlorid,Kohlendioxid,Tetrafluormethan; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With phosphorus pentachloride at 370℃; |
2-benzothiazolylsulfenyl chloride
A
tetrachloromethane
B
S-benzothiazol-2-yl-N-phenyl-thiohydroxylamine
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With aniline | |
With aniline |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 700 - 800℃; Chlorierung; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ammonium chloride at 200℃; | |
With aluminium trichloride at 100℃; | |
With iron at 37℃; | |
at 200℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With iron at 37℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With chlorine at 400℃; under 51485.6 Torr; |
methane
tetrachloromethane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pumice stone; chlorine at 380 - 400℃; | |
With chlorine at 305℃; beim Belichtung und Leiten des Reaktionsgemisches ueber Aktivkohle bei 453grad; | |
With air; pumice stone; chlorine; copper dichloride at 430℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With nitrosylchloride at 350℃; | |
With chlorine at 550℃; under 4897.34 Torr; Temperature; Flow reactor; |
1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-octachloro-penta-1,3-diene
A
tetrachloromethane
B
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene
C
Hexachlorobutadiene
D
hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 450 - 500℃; Reaktion mit:Produkt5:Hexachlorbenzol;bei der Pyrolyse des Dampfes Hexachloraethan;bei der Pyrolyse in fluessiger Phase Octachlorcyclopenten und ein Octachlor-1-methylen-cyclopenten.; | |
at 270℃; Reaktion mit:Produkt5:Hexachlorbenzol;bei der Pyrolyse des Dampfes Hexachloraethan,bei der Pyrolyse in fluessiger Phase Octachlorcyclopenten und ein Octachlor-1-methylen-cyclopenten.; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With chlorine bei hoeherer Temperatur oder im Licht auch mit Chlorderivate des Edukts 1.; | |
With chlorine bei hoeherer Temperatur oder im Licht auch mit Chlorderivate des Edukts 1.; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With chlorine bei hoeherer Temperatur oder im Licht auch mit Chlorderivate des Edukts 1.; | |
With chlorine bei hoeherer Temperatur oder im Licht auch mit Chlorderivate des Edukts 1.; |
propane
A
tetrachloromethane
B
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene
C
hexachloroethane
D
hexachlorobenzene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Chlorierung und Spaltung der Reaktionsprodukten im Licht bei 460-480grad; | |
Chlorierung und Spaltung der Reaktionsprodukten an Aktivkohle bei 600-650grad; | |
Chlorierung und Spaltung der Reaktionsprodukten im Licht bei 460-480grad; | |
Chlorierung und Spaltung der Reaktionsprodukten in CCl4 bei 200grad und 40-50 at; | |
Chlorierung und Spaltung der Reaktionsprodukten in CCl4 oder CCl4 + Tetrachloraethylen als Verduennungsmittel bei 610-625grad; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 400 - 700℃; Chlorierung in Gegenwart von Katalysatoren; |
dichloromethane
A
tetrachloromethane
B
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene
C
hexachloroethane
D
hexachlorobenzene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 400 - 700℃; Chlorierung; |
tetrachloromethane
ethyl vinyl ether
Ethyl-(1,3,3,3-tetrachlor-propyl)-ether
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dibenzoyl peroxide | 100% |
With dibenzoyl peroxide for 2h; Heating; | 90.3% |
With pyridine; dibenzoyl peroxide |
tetrachloromethane
N-formyl-N-(4-methylpent-4-enyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide
N-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-N-(4-methylpent-4-enyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triphenylphosphine In tetrahydrofuran at 60℃; for 6h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran with cooling; pptn.;; | 100% |
In tetrahydrofuran addn. of CCl4 to Cr complex soln. with cooling in H2O bath;; | 100% |
In tetrahydrofuran addn. of CCl4 to Cr complex soln. with cooling in H2O bath;; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With CO In dichloromethane-d2 Irradiation (UV/VIS); 355-385 nm; 20 atm CO;; | A 100% B n/a C n/a D n/a |
tetrachloromethane
(2,4,6-tris{bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl}phenyl)(phenyl)dihydrostannane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrachloromethane dissoln. stannane in CCl4; stirring soln. at room temp., 10h;; removal of solvent; recrystn. from ethanol; elem. anal.;; | 100% |
tetrachloromethane
(mesityl)(2,4,6-tris{bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl}phenyl)dihydrostannane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrachloromethane dissoln. stannane in CCl4; stirring soln. at room temp., 10h;; removal of solvent; recrystn. from ethanol; elem. anal.;; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene-d6 Ar-atmosphere; stirring (room temp., 1.5 h); detd. by (1)H and (31)P NMR spectroscopy; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrachloromethane Irradiation (UV/VIS); irradn. (>300 nm); | 100% |
tetrachloromethane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene-d6 N2-atmosphere, NMR tube, 2 h; detd. by NMR spectroscopy; | 100% |
tetrachloromethane
[(CO)3Mo(C5H4C2H4NHC(O)C14H7O2)]2
(C14H7O2C(O)NHC2H4C5H4)Mo(CO)3(Cl)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran Irradiation (UV/VIS); N2-atmosphere; irradn. (λ > 525 nm, 1 min); detd. by IR spectroscopy; | 100% |
tetrachloromethane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triphenylphosphine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 22h; Cooling with ice; | 100% |
With triphenylphosphine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 22h; Cooling with ice; | 100% |
tetrachloromethane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethylamine; triphenylphosphine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 9h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile); tris[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amine; copper(l) chloride at 80℃; for 1h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere; | 99.6% |
With 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium ethyl sulfate; copper(l) iodide at 130℃; Product distribution / selectivity; | 95.7% |
With 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium ethyl sulfate; ferric(III) bromide at 130℃; Product distribution / selectivity; | 93.5% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dodecane; [RuH(η5-[9-SMe2-7,8-C2B9H10])(PPh3)2] In toluene at 40℃; for 16h; Kharash addition; | 99% |
With N2[(RuCl2)2(1,3,5-iPr3C6H3)(tricyclohexylphosphine]2 In toluene at 40℃; for 2h; | 98% |
With NbCl3(N,N′-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene) In benzene-d6 at 100℃; for 3h; Catalytic behavior; Kinetics; Mechanism; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Glovebox; | 97% |
tetrachloromethane
methacrylic acid methyl ester
methyl 2,4,4,4-tetrachloro-2-methylbutanoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dodecane; [RuH(η5-[9-SEtPh-7,8-C2B9H10])(PPh3)2] In toluene at 40℃; for 16h; Kharash addition; | 99% |
With homobimetallic; ruthenium(II) In toluene at 85℃; for 8h; | 94% |
With dodecane; dichloro(3-phenyl-1H-indene-1-ylidene)(bistriphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) In toluene at 80℃; for 17h; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Catalysts; atom transfer radical addition; | 94% |
tetrachloromethane
N-butyl-N-formyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide
N-butyl-N-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triphenylphosphine In tetrahydrofuran at 60℃; for 1h; Condensation; Dichloromethylenation; | 99% |
With triphenylphosphine In tetrahydrofuran at 60℃; for 7h; Corey-Fuchs reaction; | 99% |
tetrachloromethane
dicarbonyl(η(5)-cyclopentadienyl)[2,4,6-tri(tert-butyl)-phenyl-λ(4)-phosphanediyl]molybdenum(II)
dicarbonyl(η(5)-cyclopentadienyl)([2,4,6-tri(tert-butyl)-phenyl](chloro)-λ(4)-phosphanediyl)molybdenum(II)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In pentane byproducts: CHCl3; N2-atmosphere; stirring equimolar amts. (room temp., 3 d); solvent removal (vac.), washing (pentane), drying (vac.); elem. anal.; | 99% |
tetrachloromethane
(η(5);η(5)-fulvalene)W2(CO)4(P(C6H5)2CH3)2H2
cis,cis-(η(5):η(5)-fulvalene)W2(CO)4(P(C6H5)2CH3)2Cl2
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In dichloromethane inert atmosphere; excess of CCl4, stirring (room temp., 1 d; pptn.); vol. reduction (vac.), hexane addn., collection (filtration), washing (hexane), drying (reduced pressure); | 99% |
tetrachloromethane
(CO)RuC20N4H8[C6H3(CH3)2]4
RuCl2(5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)porphyrinato)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrachloromethane heating 2 h; | 99% |
tetrachloromethane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrachloromethane reaction of cyclic Si2GeSn-compd. with CCl4; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 250℃; under 52505.3 Torr; for 7h; Inert atmosphere; | 99% |
1-benzofurane
methanol
tetrachloromethane
methyl benzofuran-2-carboxylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With iron(II) bromide at 160℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere; sealed ampule; regioselective reaction; | 99% |
tetrachloromethane
[IrCl(PPh2(o-C6H4CO))2(NH2C6H11)]
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrachloromethane (N2) suspn. Ir complex in CCl4 was refluxed for 1 h; solvent was evapd., residue was washed with Et2O and vac.-drieed; elem. anal.; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethylsilane at 70℃; for 72h; Catalytic behavior; | 99% |
tetrachloromethane
1,1,1-trifluoropropylene
1,1,1,3-tetrachloro-4,4,4-trifluorobutane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With phosphoric acid tributyl ester; iron at 110℃; for 3h; | 98.5% |
With 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile); 4-fluoroaniline; copper(I) bromide at 60℃; for 4h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere; | 94.2% |
iron(III) chloride; phosphoric acid tributyl ester; iron at 80 - 100℃; under 2311.54 Torr; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With iron; trimethyl orthoformate at 100℃; under 1500.15 Torr; for 1h; | 98.1% |
With iron(III) chloride; phosphoric acid tributyl ester; iron at 110℃; under 5931.67 Torr; Reagent/catalyst; Pressure; Flow reactor; Large scale; | 96% |
iron(III) chloride; triethyl phosphate; iron at 110 - 134℃; under 1875.19 - 6000.6 Torr; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere; | 91% |
Carbon tetrachloride (CAS NO.56-23-5) was originally synthesised in 1839 by reaction of chloroform with chlorine, from the French chemist Henri Victor Regnault,but now it is mainly synthesized from methane.
Since the 1980s,the production of carbon tetrachloride(56-23-5) has steeply declined for environmental concerns and the decreased demand for CFCs. And production in the U.S.-Europe-Japan was estimated at 720,000 tonnes in 1992.
Carbon tetrachloride (CAS NO.56-23-5) was originally synthesised by reaction of chloroform with CHLORINE but now it is mainly synthesized from METHANE.
The Carbon tetrachloride is an organic compound with the formula CCl4. The IUPAC name of this chemical is tetrachloromethane. With the CAS registry number 56-23-5, it is also named as Kohlenstofftetrachlorid. The product's categories are CFC; Refrigerants; Organics; Analytical Chemistry; Standard Solution of Volatile Organic Compounds for Water & Soil Analysis; Standard Solutions (VOC); Pesticides; CA - CGChemical Class; Alpha Sort; C; CAlphabetic; Chloro Pesticides; Fumigants; Halogenated; Insecticides; Volatiles/ Semivolatiles. Besides, it is clear colorless liquid.
Physical properties about Carbon tetrachloride are: (1)ACD/LogP: 2.86; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 2.86; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 2.86; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 87.93; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 87.93; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 857.47; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 857.47; (8)Index of Refraction: 1.486; (9)Molar Refractivity: 26.04 cm3; (10)Molar Volume: 90.6 cm3; (11)Polarizability: 10.32×10-24cm3; (12)Surface Tension: 35.2 dyne/cm; (13)Density: 1.697 g/cm3; (14)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 29.82 kJ/mol; (15)Boiling Point: 76 °C at 760 mmHg; (16)Vapour Pressure: 113 mmHg at 25°C.
Preparation: this chemical is mainly produced from methane:
CH4 + 4 Cl2 → CCl4 + 4 HCl
Uses of Carbon tetrachloride: it was widely used as a dry cleaning solvent, as a refrigerant, and in lava lamps. Large quantities of carbon tetrachloride were used to produce the freon refrigerants R-11 (trichlorofluoromethane) and R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane). Carbon tetrachloride has also been used in the detection of neutrinos. Carbon tetrachloride is one of the most potent hepatotoxins (toxic to the liver), and is widely used in scientific research to evaluate hepatoprotective agents.
When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
It is highly flammable and danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. It has limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible). Besides, this chemical is danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. It may cause long-term adverse effects in the environment. When you are using it, wear suitable protective clothing and gloves and do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer). Please avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet.
You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl
(2)InChI: InChI=1/CCl4/c2-1(3,4)5
(3)InChIKey: VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYAV
(4)Std. InChI: InChI=1S/CCl4/c2-1(3,4)5
(5)Std. InChIKey: VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
The toxicity data is as follows:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
cat | LCLo | inhalation | 38110ppm/2H (38110ppm) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1405, 1935. | |
cat | LDLo | subcutaneous | 300mg/kg (300mg/kg) | LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES LIVER: FATTY LIVER DEGERATION BLOOD: HEMORRHAGE | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 63, Pg. 153, 1938. |
chicken | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 4497mg/kg (4497mg/kg) | GASTROINTESTINAL: ULCERATION OR BLEEDING FROM SMALL INTESTINE GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES | British Veterinary Journal. Vol. 127, Pg. 304, 1971. |
dog | LCLo | inhalation | 14620ppm/8H (14620ppm) | BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION | National Institutes of Health, Bulletin. Vol. 191, Pg. 1, 1949. |
dog | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 1500mg/kg (1500mg/kg) | LIVER: LIVER FUNCTION TESTS IMPAIRED | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 10, Pg. 119, 1967. |
dog | LDLo | intravenous | 125mg/kg (125mg/kg) | Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology. Vol. 7, Pg. 205, 1934. | |
dog | LDLo | oral | 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg) | Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology. Vol. 7, Pg. 205, 1934. | |
frog | LCLo | inhalation | 58gm/m3 (58000mg/m3) | Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 97, Pg. 86, 1923. | |
guinea pig | LCLo | inhalation | 20000ppm/2H (20000ppm) | Fluorine Chemistry Reviews. Vol. 1, Pg. 197, 1967. | |
guinea pig | LD50 | oral | 5760mg/kg (5760mg/kg) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 33(1), Pg. 32, 1968. | |
guinea pig | LD50 | skin | > 9400uL/kg (9.4mL/kg) | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 7, Pg. 559, 1965. | |
human | LCLo | inhalation | 1000ppm (1000ppm) | Pesticide Chemicals Official Compendium, Association of the American Pesticide Control Officials, Inc., 1966. Vol. -, Pg. 198, 1966. | |
human | LCLo | inhalation | 5pph/5M (50000ppm) | Tabulae Biologicae. Vol. 3, Pg. 231, 1933. | |
human | TCLo | inhalation | 20ppm (20ppm) | GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING | "Chemistry of Industrial Toxicology," 2nd ed., Elkins, H.B., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1959Vol. 2, Pg. 136, 1959. |
human | TCLo | inhalation | 45ppm/3D (45ppm) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: ANOREXIA (HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING | Lancet. Vol. 1, Pg. 360, 1960. |
human | TCLo | inhalation | 317ppm/30M (317ppm) | GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING | JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. 103, Pg. 962, 1934. |
mammal (species unspecified) | LC50 | inhalation | 34500mg/m3 (34500mg/m3) | Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 24(3), Pg. 17, 1980. | |
mammal (species unspecified) | LD50 | oral | 6gm/kg (6000mg/kg) | Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 32(10), Pg. 25, 1988. | |
man | LDLo | oral | 429mg/kg (429mg/kg) | CARDIAC: CHANGE IN RATE LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS | Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Hygiene und Ihre Grenzgebiete. Vol. 19, Pg. 781, 1973. |
man | LDLo | unreported | 93mg/kg (93mg/kg) | "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970Vol. 2, Pg. 73, 1970. | |
man | TDLo | oral | 1700mg/kg (1700mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES | South African Medical Journal. Vol. 49, Pg. 635, 1975. |
mouse | LC50 | inhalation | 9526ppm/8H (9526ppm) | Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 29, Pg. 382, 1947. | |
mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 572mg/kg (572mg/kg) | Pharmacologist. Vol. 10, Pg. 172, 1968. | |
mouse | LD50 | oral | 8263mg/kg (8263mg/kg) | Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. Vol. 3, Pg. 169, 1951. | |
mouse | LD50 | subcutaneous | 31gm/kg (31000mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SLEEP BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 123, Pg. 224, 1958. |
rabbit | LD50 | intravenous | 5840mg/kg (5840mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT BEHAVIORAL: COMA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA | Zentralblatt fuer Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie. Vol. 118, Pg. 305, 1974. |
rabbit | LD50 | oral | 5760mg/kg (5760mg/kg) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 33(1), Pg. 32, 1968. | |
rabbit | LD50 | skin | > 20gm/kg (20000mg/kg) | Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, Part B. Vol. 1, Pg. 712, 1992. | |
rabbit | LDLo | intraperitoneal | 477mg/kg (477mg/kg) | Gastroenterology. Vol. 71, Pg. 118, 1976. | |
rabbit | LDLo | subcutaneous | 3gm/kg (3000mg/kg) | Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology. Vol. 7, Pg. 205, 1934. | |
rat | LC50 | inhalation | 8000ppm/4H (8000ppm) | Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 16, 1974. | |
rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 1500uL/kg (1.5mL/kg) | U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, University of Rochester, Research and Development Reports. Vol. MDDC-1715, | |
rat | LD50 | oral | 2350mg/kg (2350mg/kg) | Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 54, Pg. 275, 1983. | |
rat | LD50 | skin | 5070mg/kg (5070mg/kg) | Special Publication of the Entomological Society of America. Vol. 78-1, Pg. 16, 1978. | |
rat | LDLo | intratracheal | 90mg/kg (90mg/kg) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0520615, | |
women | TDLo | oral | 1800mg/kg (1800mg/kg) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MIOSIS (PUPILLARY CONSTRICTION): EYE BEHAVIORAL: COMA BEHAVIORAL: ANTIPSYCHOTIC | Texas Medicine. Vol. 69, Pg. 86, 1973. |
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