Four 99mTc-labeled fatty acid analogs, 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b were synthesized by a double ligand transfer reaction and theirs potential were investigated. The radiochemical yield of the radiotracers was from 11.7% to 30.3% (no decay corrected). Those compounds were found to be chemically stable when in...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses ethambutol hydrochloride. Ethambutol is a white, scentless, bitter tasting, thermostable crystalline powder. An infrared (IR) spectrum of ethambutol hydrochloride obtained on a KBr disc is discussed in the chapter. The IR spectra for both free base and hyd...

A cyano-bonded phase column together with indirect conductivity detection are used for the liquid Chromatographic determination of the basic drugs benzhexol hydrochloride and ethambutol hydrochloride in tablets as alternatives to existing pharmacopoeia methods. Optimisation of the experimental c...

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) represent the major class of detoxifying enzymes from parasitic helminths. As a result, they are candidates for chemotherapeutic and vaccine design. Indeed, GSTs from Fasciola hepatica have been found to be effective for vaccinating sheep and cattle against fasc...

The cytosolic glutathione S-transferases of rat liver have been partially purified by affinity adsorption to glutathionyl Sepharose and elution with glutathione, and have been fractionated by chromatofocusing. The column eluates were pooled into ten fractions, although evaluation of the enzymati...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter provides the spectrophotometric, titrimetric, nitrite, and cyanide assay for the differentiation of glutathione S-transferases. Spectrophotometric assays depend upon a direct change in the absorbance of the substrate when it is conjugated with glutathione (GSH). Bec...

Glutathione S-transferase cGSTM1-1, an avian class-mu enzyme with high sequence identity with rGSTM3-3, was expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli. The three-dimensional structure of this protein that co-crystallized with an inhibitor, S-hexylglutathione, was determined by the molecular re...

We investigated the epoxidase activity of a class mu glutathione S-transferase (cGSTM1-1), using 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane (EPNP) as substrate. Trp209 on the C-terminal tail, Arg107 on the α4 helix, Asp161 and Gln165 on the α6 helix of cGSTM1-1 were selected for mutagenesis and kinet...

Knockout (KO) animals are useful tools with which to assess the interplay between P-glycoprotein (P-gp; Abcb1) and the breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp, Abcg2), two major ABC-transporters expressed at the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, one major drawback of such deficient models is t...

Neohancosides A (1) and B (2) are monoterpene diglycosides isolated from Cynanchum hancockianum, which is a Chinese folk medicine having antitumor activity. First total synthesis of 1 and 2, (3R)-linaloyl and (3R)-8-hydroxylinaloyl 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranosides were achie...

First total synthesis of monoterpene diglycosides, neohancosides A (1) and B (2) from Cynanchum hancockianum were achieved stereoselectively using fluoride as a glycosyl donor. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by enzymatic degradation of synthetic intermediates

Many organisms both undergo dramatic morphological changes during post-embryonic development and also regenerate lost structures, but the roles of epigenetic regulators in such processes are only beginning to be understood. In the present study, the functions of two histone modifiers were examin...

The present study is pursuing our previous research, focused on some aspects of Nostoc entophytum ISC32 cell response to the stress caused by exposure to cadmium at the cellular and molecular levels. Variations in the antioxidant system (catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity) of N. entophyt...

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90/HtpG) is a highly abundant and ubiquitous ATP-dependent molecular chaperone consisting of three flexibly linked regions, an N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain, middle domain, and a C-terminal domain. Here the putative htpG gene of Bacillus licheniformis was cloned ...

An indirect enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) has been developed to measure the amount of RNA polymerase I (E.C.2.7.7.6) in silkmoth tissue cell extracts. Subunit specific monoclonal antibodies (MABs) were immobilized on the solid substrate by a variation of the widely used Protein-Avidin-Biotin...

The protein-avidin-biotin capture (PABC) system was developed to decrease the adsorptioninduced loss of antigen capture capacity (AgCC) of capture antibodies (CAb) used in sandwich ELISAs. This system involves immobilization of biotinylated CAbs through linkage by streptavidin (SA) to biotinylat...

The PABP-interacting motif PAM2 has been identified in various eukaryotic proteins as an important binding site for the PABC domain. This domain is contained in homologs of the poly(A)-binding protein PABP and the ubiquitin–protein ligase HYD. Despite the importance of the PAM2 motif, a compreh...

In response to physiological and artificial stimuli, cells generate nano-scale extracellular vesicles (EVs) by encapsulating biomolecules in plasma membrane-derived phospholipid envelopes. These vesicles are released to bodily fluids, hence acting as powerful endogenous mediators in intercellula...

We propose a novel parallelized fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) method based on photon reassignment with a detector array and time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) array. The detector array composed of seven avalanche photon diodes (APDs) substitutes for original pinhole...

ObjectiveTo determine whether metabolic imaging with the use of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) identifies metabolic differences between normal oocytes and those with metabolic dysfunction.