Arachin and conarachin-rich fractions of peanut protein were extracted by using cryoprecipitation followed by centrifugation. These two fractions were individually crosslinked using transglutaminase (TG). The physicochemical characteristics including aggregation due to crosslinking, solubility, ...

A process for the optimization of arachin from defatted peanut cakes had been developed. The process included pre-treatment, extraction by Tris–HCl buffer solution, pH adjustment and final separation by centrifugation. A Box–Behnken design including independent variables such as extraction tem...

The influence of k-carrageenan on the stability of arachin was analyzed. K-carrageenan could significantly enhance the stability of arachin solution. 0.04% k-carrageenan was the most effective when the concentration of arachin was 2.0%. The pH value, ionic strength and temperature significantly ...

Antimycin A3 (AA) is used as an inhibitor of cyclic electron transport around photosystem I. However, the high concentrations of AA that are needed for inhibition have secondary effects, even in chloroplasts. Here, we screened for chemicals that inhibited ferredoxin-dependent plastoquinone reduc...

Using a stochastic simulation without any other hypotheses, we recently demonstrated the natural emergence of the modified Mitchell Q-cycle in the functioning of the bc1 complex, with few short-circuits and a very low residence time of the reactive semiquinone species in the Qo site. However, th...

Antimycin A (AMA) damages the mitochondria through inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport. In this study, exposure of L6 rat skeletal muscle cells to AMA induced a decrease in ATP content, followed by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to apoptosis. We evaluated the ...

Antimycin A, an inhibitor of electron transport in mitochondria, has been used as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generator in the biological system. Here, we investigated the in vitro effect of antimycin A on apoptosis in As4.1 juxtaglomerular cells. Antimycin A efficiently induced apoptosis in A...

Antimycin A (AMA), which inhibits complex III of the electron transport system, has been used as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generator in biological systems. We investigated the effects of AMA on various parameters related to mitochondrial function in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Here, we sh...

The mitochondrial electron transport chain is essential to Plasmodium and is the target of the antimalarial drug atovaquone. The mitochondrial genomes of Plasmodium sp. are the most reduced known, and the majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus and imported into the mitocho...

•Mitochondria are exclusively employed to produce energy required for the vital metabolic functions of the cell. However, mitochondria also play a key role in mammalian cell death. Dissipation in the mitochondria membrane potential causes cell death. Therefore, in cancer therapy, mitochondria ar...

Reasons for mammalian cell toxicity observed in barley and spring wheat grains were sought. Streptomyces sp. isolates from wheat and barley produced heat-stable methanol-soluble substances which inhibited the motility of exposed porcine spermatozoa used as a toxicity indicator. Several barley is...

Inflammation causes activation of nociceptive sensory nerves, resulting in debilitating sensations and reflexes. Inflammation also induces mitochondrial dysfunction through multiple mechanisms. Sensory nerve terminals are densely packed with mitochondria, suggesting that mitochondrial signaling ...

Amphotericin B is used for local delivery from polymethylmethacrylate to treat fungal prosthetic joint infections. The optimal amphotericin B formulation and the influence of different poragens in the bone cements are unknown. To investigate the necessary amount of amphotericin B in the bone cem...

Amphotericin B (AmB) is effective against visceral leishmaniasis (VL), but the renal toxicity of the conventional form, mixed micelles with deoxycholate (M-AmB), is often dose-limiting, while the less toxic lipid-based formulations such as AmBisome® are very expensive. Two different strategies t...

The introduction of the prophylactic use of antifungal drugs caused the increased occurrence of invasive fungal infections due to previously rare molds, such as fusariosis, after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We herein report the case of a patient with diffuse large B-cell ...

Conventional quantitation of drug content in the liposome formulation involves the breakdown of bulk liposomes, which ignores details on the distribution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and excipients in liposomes of different sizes. The objective of this study is to develop an ana...

The combined effects of perfluorocarbon and glucose concentrations on actinorhodin production by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) were studied in a 2-l bioreactor using response surface methodology. A 22 full-factorial central composite design was employed for experimental design and analysis of th...

SummaryActinorhodin (ACT) produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) belongs to the benzoisochromanequinone (BIQ) class of antibiotics. ActVA-ORF5, a flavin-dependent monooxygenase (FMO) essential for ACT biosynthesis, forms a two-component enzyme system in combination with a flavin:NADH oxidored...

AfsR2 is a global regulatory protein involved in stimulating the biosynthesis of antibiotics in various Streptomyces species. Using 2-D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF analyses, several putative AfsR2-target proteins were previously identified. In order to verify the biological significance of...

TetR-like transcriptional repressors interact with small-molecule ligands to control many facets of prokaryotic biology, including clinical antibiotic resistance. ActR is a TetR-like protein encoded in the biosynthetic gene cluster for the antibiotic actinorhodin and controls the expression of t...