Actinomycin D was previously reported as an inhibitor of Shc/Grb2 interaction in B104-1-1 cells. Actinomycin D arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase at 1 nM, which is about 10 times lower than the inhibition of Shc/Grb2 interactions in B104-1-1 cells. To evaluate other mechanisms of actinomyci...

The rapidly labelled 35 to 45-S RNA of L cells is replaced during a chase period in the presence of actinomycin by 30-S and 20-S ribosomal sizes. This process takes place in the nucleus and most of the RNA remains within the nucleus for up to 4 h. At the same time some labelled 20-S, but not 30-...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter presents nomenclature of actinomycins (AMs) based on the peptide structure, which uses International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry–International Union of Biochemistry (IUPAC–IUB) rules for naming peptide analogs. AMs are well-known as specific inhibitors of ...

Lanthanide Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions have been widely used in luminescent resonance energy transfer (LRET) for bioassays to study metal binding microenvironments. We report here that Eu3+ or Tb3+ can increase the binding affinity of antitumor antibiotic drug agent, 7-amino actinomycin D (7AACTD), bindi...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses actinomycins, focusing on their production, therapeutic use and pharmacology, as well as their extraction, separation, and purification. The actinomycins are a series of chromopeptide lactone antibiotics with a common structural format differing only in ce...

The effect of α and γ interferon (IFNα, IFNγ and actinomycin D on the expression of wild type rubella virus in African green monkey kidney cells (Vero 76) was studied. Viral protein synthesis in the infected cells was significantly reduced upon treatment of the cells with IFNα or IFNγ, whi...

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a platelet alpha-granule protein. In previous reports, we demonstrated the expression of PDGF receptors on platelets and megakaryocytic cells and that PDGF enhanced the proliferation of megakaryocytic progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated the e...

Prostaglandins (PGs) have been shown to cytoprotect various tissue types against the toxic effects of many chemicals. The mechanism of this protection is poorly understood, but the involvement of cAMP is often implied. Only one previous study examined nervous tissue and PG protection. The presen...

Luteolin is a flavonoid that has been identified in many plant tissues and exhibits chemopreventive or chemosensitising properties against human breast cancer. However, the oncogenic molecules in human breast cancer cells that are inhibited by luteolin treatment have not been identified. This st...

Mono- and multi-ubiquitination alters the functions and subcellular localization of many cellular and viral proteins. Viruses can co-opt or actively manipulate the ubiquitin network to support viral processes or suppress innate immunity. Using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) model host, we show...

In the present study, two circular RNA (circRNA) expression profiles in paired gastric cancer (GC) tissues from the GEO database were examined. We identified a novel circRNA, has_circ_0001461, which we termed circFAT1(e2). We verified that circFAT1(e2) was significantly downregulated in GC tissu...

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), an abundant growth factor in bone matrix, has been shown to be involved in bone formation and fracture healing. The mechanism of action of the osteogenic effect of TGF-β1 is not clearly understood. In this study, we found that the addition of TGF-β1 to...

Supraphysiological glucocorticoid administration accelerates loss of survival and differentiation in osteoblastic cells, thereby increasing the risks of osteopenic or osteonecrotic disorders. Neuroendocrine component type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) is found to regulate bone mass. This study ch...

We recently reported (Clewell et al., 1972) on an inhibitory effect of rifampicin on Col E1 plasmid replication. The present study represents a further characterization of this phenomenon as well as a study of the effects of two other known inhibitors of RNA synthesis, Streptolydigin and actinom...

Albiflorin isolated from Paeoniae Radix was investigated for its ability to protect against antimycin A-induced osteoblast toxicity in the MC3T3-E1 cell line. MC3T3-E1 cells showed significantly reduced viability, increased apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase release, elevated ROS/RNS levels, an...

Recent studies have demonstrated nuclear export by papillomavirus E1 proteins, but the requisite export sequence(s) for bovine papillomavirus (BPV) E1 were not defined. In this report we identify three functional nuclear export sequences (NES) present in BPV E1, with NES2 being the strongest in ...

The p53 protein is an inducer of apoptosis, acting as a transcriptional regulator of apoptotic genes. In a previous study, we found that actinomycin D and nutlin-3a (A + N) synergistically activate p53. To better understand the molecular consequences of this synergism, we incubated arrays of ant...

It is known that apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) is a stimulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 (hnRNP-E1)-containing RNP complexes is a key protector of basal stabilization of eNOS mRNA. Recently, we found that apoA1 and hnRNP-E1 were ...

Actinomycin D plays a key role in the successful treatment of Wilms tumour. However, associated liver toxicities remain a drawback to potentially curative treatment. We have used MDCKII cells over-expressing ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2 and ABCG2, alongside knockout mouse models to characterise actinomyc...

The activation of the p53 pathway by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a molecule that mimics metabolic stress, is attenuated by rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR kinase, immunosuppressant, and cancer drug. Rapamycin also extends lifespan in experimental animals. Because AICAR...