SummaryMemory T cells provide long-lasting protective immunity, and distinct subpopulations of memory T cells drive chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Asthma is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease with airway remodeling including fibrotic changes. The immunological mechanisms that...

Background and objectiveAs a member of the epidermal growth factor family, amphiregulin contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation. Amphiregulin was reported to be upregulated in damaged lung tissues in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma and in lung epithelia...

SummaryThe epidermal growth factor receptor ligand Amphiregulin has a well-documented role in the restoration of tissue homeostasis after injury; however, the mechanism by which Amphiregulin contributes to wound repair remains unknown. Here we show that Amphiregulin functioned by releasing bioac...

The logarithmic hexadecane–air partitioning constant (L) is one of the most common measures for solute–solvent nonspecific interaction. It is thus an essential compound descriptor for Linear Solute Energy Relationships (LSERs) that are used for predicting partitioning of organic chemicals. In ...

1-Oxo-4-oxa-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene is converted into racemic benz[3,4]-6-oxaestra-1,3,5(10),8-tetraen-17β-ol in 45% yield.

Carbohydrate composition of the marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica was characterized following acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis. Monitoring intracellular starch as a function of cultivation time at varying nitrate concentrations showed a maximum cellular starch content of 45% of dry biomass w...

3-Deoxy-d-lyxo-heptulosaric acid (DHA) has been identified as a component of plant cell walls. This sugar was found in the pectic polysaccharide rhmanogalacturonan-II as a component of the disaccharide β-l-Araf-(1→5)-d-DHAp. The structural formula and linkage position of DHA were determined by...

Evidence for the anomeric configurations and attachment sites of 3-deoxy-d-lyxo-2-heptulosaric acid (DHA) and apiosyl residues have been obtained through the characterization of two oligoglycosyl fragments isolated from rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II). One of the oligoglycosyl fragments, a pentagl...

Synthetic route to the methyl ester of methyl glycoside of 3-deoxy-D-lyxo-heptulosaric acid (13) starting from 1-cyanogalactal 2 is described. The latter substance was prepared by direct elimination of acetic acid from 1 using 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene in dichloromethane.

A 3-deoxy-2-heptulosaric acid (DHA), very probably with the lyxo-configuration, was identified in the R-core region of lipopolysaccharides from modulating strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum, Rhizobium meliloti and from all three biovars of the phytopathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Its struc...

Three 3-pyridyl ether nicotinic ligands-(S)-5-Iodo-3-[(2-pyrrolidinyl)-methoxy]pyridine (5-iodo-A-85865), (S)-5-Iodo-3-[1-(methyl)-2-pyrrolidinyl-methoxy]pyridine (5-Iodo-A-84543), and (S)-5-iodo-3-[1-methyl-(2-azetidinyl)-methoxy]pyridine (5-iodo-N-Me-A-85380) were labeled with I-125/I-123, and...

Methyl (S)-3-amino-3-(3-pyridyl)propanoate (2) is a key starting material in the synthesis of RWJ-53308 (1), an orally active antagonist of the platelet fibrinogen receptor (GP IIb/IIIa antagonist). Herein, we describe an efficient stereoselective synthesis of 2 by the hydrogenation of enantiome...

Background: An inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid (AsA) on melanogenesis has been described. However, AsA is quickly oxidized and decomposed in aqueous solution and thus is not generally useful as a depigmenting agent.Objective: Our purpose was to examine the effect on pigmentation of magnesium-...

A new and fast method for the determination of l-ascorbyl-2-phosphate, the 2-diphosphate, 2-triphosphate and the 2-sulfate ester in feed, fish plasma and tissue samples by capillary zone electrophoresis is described. The substances were extracted with a 200 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 4.0. ...

Ascorbyl palmitate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate are derivatives of ascorbic acid, which differ in stability and hydro-lipophilic properties. They are widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations. In the present work the stability of both derivatives was studied in microemulsions for ...

Sodium ascorbyl phosphate is a hydrophilic derivative of ascorbic acid, which has improved stability arising from its chemical structure. It is used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations since it has many favorable effects in the skin, the most important being antioxidant action. In order ...

A rapid, reliable method based on reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography for the qualitative and quantitative determination of magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (VC-PMG) in both standard solutions and cosmetic products is reported. The procedure, based on an aminic stationary phase and...

l-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium (APMg) salt is a vitamin C derivative frequently used in cell culture media for research purposes. It is also used as a raw material in the GMP-manufacturing of gene-, cell- and tissue advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs). However, quality methods are...

2-(Perfluoroalkyl)ethanesulfinic acids of the formula RFCH2CH2SO2H (2, where RF = n-C6F13, or n-C8F17) are synthesized from the thiol, RFCH2CH2SH (1). These segmented acids 2 have sharp melting point (mp) and can be recrystallized. The C6 or C8 perfluoroalkyl group confers unusual “fluophilic”...

The separation of the final product of a reaction from byproducts, catalysts, or excess reagents is a process common to all synthetic procedures. Various methods to facilitate such separations continue to receive increasing attention as avenues to refine synthetic protocols. This review discusse...