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Cesium CAS: 7440-46-2 Specification Test Item Standard: USP Identification IR spectrum similar to that of RS HPLC retention time similar to that of RS Related substance
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Cas:7440-46-2
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Cesium Application:Cesium
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inquiryCesium metal (Cs); Tm=28 C. (S-Liq.)
Cesium Application:Cesium
cesium azide
caesium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: caesium nitride, caesium silicate; CsN3 was decomposed at 390 °C forming Cs and a yellowish gray residue (contains ca. 70% Cs-nitride beside Cs-silicate and not-reacting Cs-azide);; | 90% |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: caesium nitride, caesium silicate; CsN3 was decomposed at 390 °C forming Cs and a yellowish gray residue (contains ca. 70% Cs-nitride beside Cs-silicate and not-reacting Cs-azide);; | 90% |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: N2; decomposition of CsN3 in high vacuum starting at 290 °C (when Jena glass is used as vessel) forming finely distributed metall;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zirconium In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2Cr2O7 and Zr powder (weigt ratio = 1:10) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 380 °C forming Cs and Cs-oxide;; | A 10% B 70% |
With Zr In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2Cr2O7 and Zr powder (weigt ratio = 1:10) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 380 °C forming Cs and Cs-oxide;; | A 10% B 70% |
With zirconium In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2Cr2O7 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:20 and 1:40) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 500 °C forming Cs only;; | A 0% B n/a |
With Zr In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2Cr2O7 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:20 and 1:40) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 500 °C forming Cs only;; | A 0% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zirconium In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2SO4 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:4) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 550 °C forming Cs, oxide and sulfide, reaction explosive;; | A 15-25 B 10% C 50% |
With Zr In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2SO4 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:4) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 550 °C forming Cs, oxide and sulfide, reaction explosive;; | A 15-25 B 10% C 50% |
With zirconium In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2SO4 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:10) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 500-600 °C forming Cs only; quiet reaction at slow heating, at rapid heating explosion;; | A 0% B 0% C n/a |
With Zr In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2SO4 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:10) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 500-600 °C forming Cs only; quiet reaction at slow heating, at rapid heating explosion;; | A 0% B 0% C n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With iron In neat (no solvent) Cs2CO3 was heated with excess of Fe at 1000 °C for 1 h forming metallic Cs; the evolution of gas started at 650 °C and increased up to 1000°C;; the obtained metal is partially oxidized;; | 50% |
With iron In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Fe2O3, CO, CO2; Cs2CO3 was heated with an excess of Fe in vacuum at 650-1000 °C forming metallic Cs, after 1 h heating almost 50% of the metal was reduced;; | 50% |
With Fe In neat (no solvent) Cs2CO3 was heated with excess of Fe at 1000 °C for 1 h forming metallic Cs; the evolution of gas started at 650 °C and increased up to 1000°C;; the obtained metal is partially oxidized;; | 50% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zirconium In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2CrO4 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:2) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 725 °C forming Cs and Cs-oxide, inflammation;; | A 10% B 50% |
With Zr In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2CrO4 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:2) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 725 °C forming Cs and Cs-oxide, inflammation;; | A 10% B 50% |
With zirconium In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2CrO4 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:4) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 725-1000 °C forming Cs;; | A 0% B 90-96 |
With Zr In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2CrO4 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:4) was pressed to rods and heated in high vacuum at 725-1000 °C forming Cs;; | A 0% B 90-96 |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
iron In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Cs3N; thermal decompn. (380°C); extensive description of apparatus, handling and materials given; detailed discussion of conditions and materials; safe and simple high purity synthesis;; removal of N2 (vac. below 1E-4 Torr); distillation in closed system; identification/purity by atomic absorption spectroscopy;; | |
copper In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Cs3N; thermal decompn. (380°C); extensive description of apparatus, handling and materials given; detailed discussion of conditions and materials; safe and simple high purity synthesis;; removal of N2 (vac. below 1E-4 Torr); distillation in closed system; identification/purity by atomic absorption spectroscopy;; | |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Cs3N; thermal decompn. (580°C); extensive description of apparatus, handling and materials given; detailed discussion of conditions and materials; safe and simple high purity synthesis;; removal of N2 (vac. below 1E-4 Torr); distillation in closed system; identification/purity by atomic absorption spectroscopy;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In gas molecular Cs2 beam generated by expansion of alkali vapor through a nozzle crossed with a beam of ground state oxygen atoms; monitoring by chemiluminescence or induced fluorescence; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Kinetics; Ar-carrier gas, at 2800 K and 4000 K; time-resolved absorption; |
caesium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With calcium In neat (no solvent) reduction of CsBr with Ca;; | |
With Ca In neat (no solvent) reduction of CsBr with Ca;; |
caesium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With barium azide In not given CsCl was dissolved in a 16% BaN3-soln.; Cs formation started at 250 °C, the reaction was completed at 350 °C;; | |
With calcium In neat (no solvent) reduction of CsCl with Ca in a large excess, the temp. must be increased very slowly to 700 °C after 3-4 h, reaction (evolution of blue vapor) starts at 500 °C;; distillation at 300 °C; | |
With Na or coal In neat (no solvent) CsCl was heated with Na or coal in a N2 or H2 atmosphere forming Cs-vapor;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 600-850°C in vacuo; | |
In not given vac.; | |
at 600-850°C in vacuo; |
caesium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2; dissociation of CsH on heating in vacuum at temp. below 300 °C forming liquid Cs;; | |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2; complete decomposition on heating in vacuum at temp. below 300 °C forming liquid Cs metal;,; | >99 |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2; dissociation pressures of CsH in dependencc on temp. between 190 and 330 °C;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Kinetics; Ar-carrier gas, at 4000 K and <3000 K; time-resolved absorption; | |
In neat (no solvent) Irradiation (UV/VIS); at 3800Å;; |
caesium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Zr or Hf or Ti or Th In neat (no solvent) Cs2Cr2O7 was sealed in a capsule of the reduction agent which was then heated in a discharge tube;; | |
With zirconium In neat (no solvent) a mixture of Cs2Cr2O7 and Zr powder (weight ratio = 1:4) was pressed to pellets and heated in high vacuum at 320 °C forming Cs, reaction explosive;; | |
With zirconium In neat (no solvent) pressed powder mixture (Cs2Cr2O7:Zr = 1:10), heating in vac. to 380°C; mostly explosive reaction, with great excess of Zr smoothy;; further products;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Kinetics; at 3000 K; time- resolved absorption; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Kinetics; at 3000 K; time- resolved absorption; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Kinetics; at 3000 K; time- resolved absorption; |
caesium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water Electrolysis; deposition potential in neutral, weakly acidic and in alkaline soln. at room temp.: -2.13 V (vers. normal calomel electrode);; polarography;; | |
With iron In neat (no solvent) reduction of Cs-salts with Fe;; | |
With Fe In neat (no solvent) reduction of Cs-salts with Fe;; | |
In water Electrolysis; deposition potential in neutral, weakly acidic and in alkaline soln. at room temp.: -2.13 V (vers. normal calomel electrode);; polarography;; |
caesium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zirconium In neat (no solvent) pressed powder mixture (Cs2SO4:Zr = 1:4), heating in vac. to 550°C; mostly explosive reaction, with great excess of Zr smoothy;; further products;; | |
With iron In neat (no solvent) reduction of Cs2SO4 with Fe started at 700-800 °Cs; rapid reaction at 1000 °C;; the obtained metal is partially oxidized;; | |
With Zr or Hf or Ti or Th In neat (no solvent) Cs2SO4 was sealed in a capsule of the reduction agent which was then heated in a discharge tube;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) in vacuum; high temp.;; | |
In neat (no solvent) in vacuum; high temp.;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
At a moderate starting temperature.; | |
0% | |
At a moderate starting temperature.; | |
0% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Ni-powder in vac.; | |
Ni-powder in vac.; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) reaction under reduced pressure, no quantitative reaction;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) reaction in vacuum at 500 - 650°C;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) stoich. amts., 650°C, 2 d; cooling to room temp. at 4°C/h; | 100% |
With Hg In neat (no solvent) molar ratio Cs:Pb:Hg=4:8.5:12, 650°C, 12 h; cooling to room temp.at 5°C/h; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether byproducts: H2; Ar atm.; cooling (0°C), excess of HCN; evapn. (vac.); | 100% |
In benzene reaction of metallic Cs with an anhydrous soln. of HCN in benzene forming CsCN;; filtration under exclusion of air, removal of benzene in vacuum;; | |
In benzene reaction of metallic Cs with an anhydrous soln. of HCN in benzene forming CsCN;; filtration under exclusion of air, removal of benzene in vacuum;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) under N2; Cs and Bi2Te3 (molar ratio 1:1.7) loaded separately in H-shaped tube; sealed (< 1E-4 Torr); heated to 250°C over 24 h; isothermed for 1 d; heated to 580°C over 24 h; held for 2 d; cooled to 50°C in 12 h; washed with degassed MeOH under N2; detd. by X-ray powder diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy; | 100% |
In melt under N2; Cs and Bi2Te3 (molar ratio 1:1.9) mixed; sealed (< 1E-4 Torr);heated at 250°C for 24 h; melted slowly in flame torch for a min ; quenched in air; detd. by X-ray powder diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy; | 99% |
vapor transport react.; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at -78 - -38℃; for 192h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt mixt. heated at 750°C for 2 h with rocking in evacuated silica tubes; cooled to 550°C (20°/h), then to room temp. in 10 h; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt mixt. heated at 750°C for 2 h with rocking in evacuated silica tubes; cooled to 550°C (20°/h), then to room temp. in 10 h; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) absence of air and moisture; stoich. amts., welded Ta-container, 700°C, 24 h, cooling to room temp. at 3°C/h; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ammonia NH3 (liquid); N2-atmosphere; addn. of 0.5 equiv. of Se to Cs soln. (-78°C), stirring for 1 h; slow warming to room temp., drying (vac., overnight), drying in flame; | 98% |
300-330°C; vac.; | |
In neat (no solvent) metallic Cs was treated slowly with Se-vapor in vacuum under shaking and knocking, the excess of Cs was distilled of at 200 °C; no formation of caesium polyselenide;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt (Ar or N2); heating a mixt. of metals in quartz ampule at 700°C for 10 min in vac., cooling to room temp., addn. of S, melting for 20 minin vac., grinding, mechanical sepn. of tin excess, dissolving in water at 20°C, stirring for 5 min; filtration, evapn. for 24 h; | 96% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) reaction of Cs with activated N2 (electric discharge) with formation of CsN3 and some Cs3N;; | A 95% B n/a |
In neat (no solvent) reaction of Cs with activated N2 (electric discharge) with formation of CsN3 and some Cs3N;; | A 95% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
liquid Cs slowly added to mixt. of Ta and Se under Ar; tube sealed under vacuum (1E-4 Torr); heated in furnace at 800°C for 8 days;; purity determined by X-ray powder diffraction; chemical anal.; | 95% |
silica tube under an Ar atmosphere, sealed under vac., heated at 800°C for 8 days; elem. anal.; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt stoich. amounts of Cs, Cd and Sb heated at 550°C for 10 h in welded niobium containers under vac., cooled (5°C/h); elem. anal. (ICP-OES); | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt stoich. amounts of Cs, Zn and Sb heated at 550°C for 10 h in welded niobium containers under vac., cooled (5°C/h); elem. anal. (ICP-OES); | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In 1,2-dimethoxyethane inert atmosphere; slight excess carbollide, warming and stirring for 15 min; crystn. (room temp., 3 d), collection (filtration), drying (vac.); elem.anal.; | 91% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In 1,2-dimethoxyethane under Ar; Sb compd. dissolved in DME; Cs (2 equiv.) added; stirred at room temp. for 2 d; solids removed; vol. of the soln. reduced; crystd. at -20°C; elem. anal.; | 87% |
caesium
[2.2.2]cryptande
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether at -35℃; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Glovebox; | 83% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran; toluene Sonication; all manipulations under Ar atm.; to stirred mixt. of Cs and toluene added complex dropwise, stirred for 3 h by ultrasonication, refluxed for 24h, solvent evapd., added THF; filtered, added TMEDA, allowed to stand for 1 wk at 20°C, elem. anal.; | 81% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: CsCl; Ar atm.; 900°C, 4 h; 800°C, 30 d; | 80% |
caesium
fullerene-C60
N,N-dimethyl-formamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide under anaerobic conditions; C60 and Cs were dissolved at 50°C, after 6 h soln. was cooled to ca. -20°C, intermedite indicated by IR, to this soln. metal salt was added, stirring for 4 h at ca. -20°C; ppt. was filtered off, washed with MeCN, dried at ca. -20°C; elem. anal.; | 80% |
In benzonitrile; acetonitrile under anaerobic conditions; C60 and Cs were dissolved in benzonitrile at50°C, after 4 h soln. was cooled to ca. -20°C, intermedit e indicated by IR, soln. metal salt in MeCN was added, intermediate was filtered off and soln. was bleached; ppt. was filtered off, washed with MeCN, dried; elem. anal.; |
caesium
fullerene-C60
N,N-dimethyl-formamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide under anaerobic conditions; C60 and Cs were dissolved at 50°C, after 6 h soln. was cooled to ca. -20°C, intermedite indicated by IR, to this soln. metal salt was added, stirring for 4 h at ca. -20°C; ppt. was filtered off, washed with MeCN, dried at ca. -20°C; elem. anal.; | 80% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene for 0.333333h; | 79% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran at -40℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; | 77% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; Inert atmosphere; | 77% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethylene glycol dimethyl ether at 20℃; for 24h; Glovebox; Inert atmosphere; | 75% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 20℃; for 2h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | A n/a B 73% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Special reactor, Cs metal, 1.6 equiv of H2 gas, 450-550°C, 44 h;; | 72% |
With n-butyllithium; N,N,N,N,-tetramethylethylenediamine In hexane; tert-butyl alcohol addn. of t-BuOH to suspn. of Cs in hexane, diln. with hexane (stirring, 1 h), H2 atmosphere, addn. of tetramethylethylenediamine (-20°C), dropwise addn. of n-BuLi in hexane (-40°C), temp. raised to 5°C (under H2), stirred (1 h); only in soln.; yield was detected by measurement the volume of liberated H2 after decompn. with methanol;; | 67% |
Irradiation (UV/VIS); heating (420°C, 20 torr), 457,9 nm argon laser illumination; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: CsCl; Ar atm.; 900°C, 4 h; 800°C, 40 d; | 70% |
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