Aluminium

Ancient Greeks and Romans used aluminium salts as dyeing mordants and as astringents for dressing wounds; alum is still used as a styptic. In 1761 Guyton de Morveau suggested calling the base alum alumine. In 1808, Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum, which he at first termed alumium and later aluminum.
The metal was first produced in 1825 (in an impure form) by Danish physicist and chemist Hans Christian ?rsted.
Friedrich W?hler conducted a similar experiment in 1827 by mixing anhydrous aluminium chloride with potassium and yielded aluminium.
Further, Pierre Berthier discovered aluminium in bauxite ore and successfully extracted it. Frenchman Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville improved W?hler's method in 1846, and described his improvements in a book in 1859, chief among these being the substitution of sodium for the considerably more expensive potassium.
Aluminium was selected as the material to be used for the apex of the Washington Monument in 1884.
The Cowles companies supplied aluminium alloy in quantity in the United States and England using smelters like the furnace of Carl Wilhelm Siemens by 1886.
Hall's process, in 1888 with the financial backing of Alfred E. Hunt, started the Pittsburgh Reduction Company today known as Alcoa. Héroult's process was in production by 1889 in Switzerland at Aluminium Industrie, now Alcan, and at British Aluminium, now Luxfer Group and Alcoa, by 1896 in Scotland.
In 2008 the price of aluminium peaked at $1.45/lb in July but dropped to $0.7/lb by December.

Storage:Keep away from sources of ignition. Store in a cool, dry place. Keep away from water. Flammables-area. Keep away from acids. Do not store near alkaline substances.
Handling:Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use only in a well ventilated area. Do not allow water to get into the container because of violent reaction. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Do not allow contact with water. Keep from contact with moist air and steam.

For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-125 G or NIOSH: Aluminum, 7013; Elements, 7300.

The Aluminum, with the CAS registry number 7429-90-5, is also known as Aluminum metal. It belongs to the product categories of Industrial/Fine Chemicals; Inorganics; Films and Foils; Labware; Aluminum; Aluminum Metal and Ceramic Science; Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry; Chemical Synthesis; Metals; Metal and Ceramic Science; Analytical Reagents; Replacement Kit Items; Water Test; AluminumOrganic Electronics and Photonics; Electrode Materials; Substrates and Electrode Materials; A; AA to ALCertified Reference Materials (CRMs); Alphabetic; Application CRMs;Industrial Raw Materials Reference/Calibration Standards; IRMM/BCR Certified Reference Materials; Matrix CRMs; Reactor DosimetryCertified Reference Materials (CRMs); Reactor Neutron Dosimetry; Reactor Neutron DosimetryCertified Reference Materials (CRMs); ACS GradeChemical Synthesis; Essential Chemicals; Routine Reagents; 13: Al; AluminumMaterials Science; Nanomaterials; Nanoparticles: Metals and Metal Alloys Nanomaterials; Nanopowders and Nanoparticle Dispersions. Its EINECS registry number is 231-072-3. Its IUPAC name is called aluminum.

Physical properties of Aluminum: (1)Molecular Formula: Al; (2)H-Bond Donor: 0; (3)H-Bond Acceptor: 0; (4)Rotatable Bond Count: 0; (5)Exact Mass: 26.981538; (6)MonoIsotopic Mass: 26.981538; (7)Topological Polar Surface Area: 0; (8)Heavy Atom Count: 1; (9)Formal Charge: 0; (10)Complexity: 0; (11)Isotope Atom Count: 0; (12)Defined Atom StereoCenter Count: 0; (13)Undefined Atom StereoCenter Count: 0; (14)Defined Bond StereoCenter Count: 0; (15)Undefined Bond StereoCenter Count: 0; (16)Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1.

Preparation of Aluminum: this chemical is manufactured by the electrolytic reduction of pure alumina (Al₂O₃) in a bath of fused cryolite (Na₃AlF₆). It is not possible to reduce alumina with carbon because aluminum carbide (Al₄C₃) is formed and a back-reaction between aluminum vapor and carbon dioxide in the condenser quickly reforms the original aluminum oxide again. The electrolytic cells are large containers (usually steel), and each is a cathode compartment lined with either a mixture of pitch and anthracite coal or coke baked in place by the passage of electric current or prebaked cathode blocks cemented together. Two types of cells are used in the Hall-Heroult process: those with multiple prebaked anodes (Fig. 1), and those with a self-baking, or Soderberg, anode. In both types of cell, the anodes are suspended from above and are connected to a movable anode bus so that their vertical position can be adjusted. The prebaked anode blocks are manufactured from a mixture of low-ash calcined petroleum coke and pitch or tar formed in hydraulic presses, and baked at up to 1100 ℃.

Figure 1 Manufacture of alumtnum.

Aluminium is the most widely used non-ferrous metal.Some of the many uses for aluminium metal are in: (1)Transportation (automobiles, aircraft, trucks, railway cars, marine vessels, bicycles etc.) as sheet, tube, castings etc. ; (2)Packaging (cans, foil, etc.); (3)Construction (windows, doors, siding, building wire, etc.) ; (4)A wide range of household items, from cooking utensils to baseball bats, watches; (5)Street lighting poles, sailing ship masts, walking poles etc.; (6)Outer shells of consumer electronics, also cases for equipment e.g. photographic equipment; (7)Electrical transmission lines for power distribution; (8)MKM steel and Alnico magnets; (9)Super purity aluminium (SPA, 99.980% to 99.999% Al), used in electronics and CDs; (10)Heat sinks for electronic appliances such as transistors and CPUs; (11)Substrate material of metal-core copper clad laminates used in high brightness LED lighting; (12)Powdered aluminium is used in paint, and in pyrotechnics such as solid rocket fuels and thermite. ; (13)Aluminium can be reacted with hydrochloric acid to form hydrogen gas; (14)A variety of countries, including France, Italy, Poland, Finland, Romania, Israel, and the former Yugoslavia, have issued coins struck in aluminium or aluminium-copper alloys.; (15)Some guitar models sports aluminium diamond plates on the surface of the instruments, usually either chrome or black. Kramer Guitars and Travis Bean are both known for having produced guitars with necks made of aluminium, which gives the instrument a very distinct sound.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
This chemical is highly flammable and harmful. This chemical may cause inflammation to the skin or other mucous membranes. It is irritating to eyes and skin. In addition, you should keep it away from sources of ignition - No smoking. In case of contact with eyes, you should rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Whenever you will contact it, please wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)Canonical SMILES: [Al]
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/Al
(3)InChIKey: XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N