Sodium sulfate

The hydrate of Sodium sulfate is known as Glauber's Salt which is discovered it by the Dutch/German chemist and apothecary. He named it sal mirabilis (miraculous salt), In the 18th century, Glauber's salt began to be used as a raw material for the industrial production of soda ash (sodium carbonate), by reaction with potash (potassium carbonate). With demand for soda ash increasing , supply of Sodium sulfate (CAS NO.7757-82-6) had to increase in line. Therefore, in the 19th century, the Leblanc process, producing synthetic Sodium sulfate as a key intermediate, became the principal method of soda ash production.

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.

Bisodium sulfate,with the cas number 7757-82-6, also known as Sodium sulfate, is an inorganic chemical that has several important industrial uses. Sodium sulfate is the sodium salt of sulfuric acid. When anhydrous, it is a white crystalline solid of formula Na₂SO₄ known as the mineral thenardite. It can be created as a byproduct during certain industrial chemical processes, but even as a "waste" product, sodium sulfate is very useful.

Physical properties about Bisodium sulfate are: (1)ACD/LogP: -1.031; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -5.53; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -5.53; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00; (6)#H bond acceptors: 4 ; (7)#H bond donors: 2; (8)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 62.94 kJ/mol; (9)Boiling Point: 330 °C at 760 mmHg; (10)Vapour Pressure: 3.35E-05 mmHg at 25°C

Preparation of Bisodium sulfate:  Bisodium sulfate is obtained from a variety of sources.

Manufacture by the Mannheim process involves the reaction of sodium chloride and sulfuric acid at very high temperatures (800 to 900 °C ).
2NaCl + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + 2HCl

However, the majority of sodium sulfate is now obtained directly from natural salt sources. Brines with 7 to 11% sodium sulfate are used and pumped through a salt deposit to lower the solubility of the sodium sulfate so that, upon cooling, the decahydrate (Glauber's salt) will crystallize and can be separated. Heating then forms the anhydrous salt cake.
Sodium sulfate is also obtained as a by-product in the production of viscose rayon. Sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide are used to degrade the cellulose to rayon in a fiber-spinning bath.
2NaOH + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

Sodium dichromate manufacture also produces sodium sulfate as a by-product.
2Na₂CrO₄ + H₂SO₄ + H₂O → Na₂Cr₂O₇ + 2H₂O + Na₂SO₄

Manufacture by the Hargreaves method also accounts for signifcant sodium sulfate production.
4NaCl + 2SO₂ + 2H₂O + O₂ → 2Na₂SO₄ + 4HCl

Uses of Bisodium sulfate: Bisodium sulfate is mainly used for the manufacture of detergents and in the Kraft process of paper pulping. The largest use is as filler in powdered home laundry detergents, consuming approx. In the laboratory, anhydrous sodium sulfate is widely used as an inert drying agent, for removing traces of water from organic solutions. Other uses for sodium sulfate include de-frosting windows, in carpet fresheners, starch manufacture, and as an additive to cattle feed.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)InChI=1S/2Na.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2;
(2)InChIKey=PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L;
(3)SmilesS(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+];

The toxicity data is as follows: