4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-(methoxymethoxy)benzene
4-allylguaiacol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In neat (no solvent, solid phase) at 20℃; for 0.583333h; Green chemistry; | 96% |
With p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate In dichloromethane Solvent; | 95.5% |
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In dichloromethane Solvent; | 95.5% |
With bismuth(III) chloride In water; acetonitrile at 50℃; for 1h; chemoselective reaction; | 89% |
2-methoxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate
4-allylguaiacol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With magnesium In methanol for 6h; Ambient temperature; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-allyl-(1-allyloxy)-2-methoxybenzene With tert.-butyl lithium In diethyl ether; pentane at -78℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With methanol In diethyl ether; pentane at -78℃; Inert atmosphere; | 92% |
With ethylmagnesium chloride; iron(II) chloride In tetrahydrofuran; m-xylene at 20℃; for 1h; | 86% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With lithium chloride In N,N-dimethyl-aniline at 190℃; for 3h; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Temperature; Time; Inert atmosphere; | 90% |
With 2,3-Dimethylaniline at 160℃; |
4-Allyl-1-(1-ethoxy-ethoxy)-2-methoxy-benzene
4-allylguaiacol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With diphosphorus tetraiodide In dichloromethane 0 degC, 25 min and room temp., 5 min; | 90% |
4-allylguaiacol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With diphosphorus tetraiodide In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 0.75h; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With methanol; potassium permanganate at 25℃; chemoselective reaction; | 90% |
With aluminium trichloride; potassium iodide In water; acetonitrile at 80℃; for 4h; | 83% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling; Inert atmosphere; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 276 - 300℃; for 0.025h; Irradiation; | 87% |
With boron trifluoride diacetate at 68℃; |
3-[3-methoxy-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)phenyl]-1-propene
4-allylguaiacol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium tetrachloroaurate(III) dihydrate In methanol at 20℃; for 7h; | 87% |
[2-(4-Allyl-2-methoxy-phenoxymethoxy)-ethyl]-trimethyl-silane
A
formaldehyd
B
4-allylguaiacol
C
ethene
D
trimethylsilyl fluoride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride In tetrahydrofuran at 45℃; for 10h; | A n/a B 85% C n/a D n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 200℃; for 1.5h; Claisen Rearrangement; | A 10% B 84% |
With 1-butyl-2,3-(trimethylene)imidazolium bistriflylimide at 250℃; for 0.025h; Claisen rearrangement; microwave irradiation; | A 18% B 64% |
With bismuth(lll) trifluoromethanesulfonate In acetonitrile for 0.25h; Claisen rearrangement; Heating; | A n/a B 60% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenoxyacetic acid With triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene for 3h; Curtius rearrangement; Heating; Stage #2: With potassium hydroxide; glycerol In ethanol; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene for 2h; Heating; Further stages.; | 84% |
4-allylguaiacol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water; lithium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran; methanol at 0 - 23℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; | 75% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With caesium carbonate In 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol for 18h; Irradiation; | 73% |
1-<(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)phenyl>-3-(trimethylsilyl)propan-1-ol
4-allylguaiacol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With borontrifluoride acetic acid In dichloromethane at 25℃; for 0.0833333h; | 60% |
2-(4-(allyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane
A
4-allylguaiacol
B
2-methoxy-4-allyl-1-(allyloxy)benzene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With C14H16N6; palladium diacetate; calcium hydroxide In N,N-dimethyl acetamide; water at 50℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | A 57% B 20% |
(E)-2-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)phenol
A
4-allylguaiacol
B
(+)-licarin A
C
coniferal alcohol
D
vanillin
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Pseudomonas putida NCIM 2176 for 144h; Microbiological reaction; Enzymatic reaction; | A 3% B 16% C 10% D 24% |
methyl magnesium iodide
1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene
A
4-allylguaiacol
B
chavibetol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With diethyl ether; xylene Erhitzen des vom Aether befreiten Reaktionsgemisches auf 160-180grad; |
2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(2-propeny)benzoic acid, methyl ester
aniline
4-allylguaiacol
pyrrolidine
eugenol acetate
A
N-(acetyl)pyrrolidine
B
4-allylguaiacol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
for 0.05h; Ambient temperature; |
O-allyl guaiacol
A
2,3-Dihydro-7-methoxy-2-methylbenzofuran
B
4-allylguaiacol
C
6-allylguaicol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Y-zeolite 1.) n-pentane, r.t., 24 h, 2.) microwave irradiation, 5 min; Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given; |
1-<(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxyl>-2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene
A
4-allylguaiacol
B
4-allyl-2-methoxy-6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenyl
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 190 - 200℃; for 4h; | A 70 mg B 25 mg |
2-methoxy-4-(2-propenylidene)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one, Z-isomer
4-allylguaiacol
2-methoxy-4-(2-propenylidene)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one, Z-isomer
A
4-allylguaiacol
B
(E)-2-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)phenol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium tetrahydroborate In methanol; tetrachloromethane Ambient temperature; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts; |
4-allylguaiacol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With aniline |
tetrachloromethane
diethyl ether
1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene
A
4-allylguaiacol
B
chavibetol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Erhitzen des vom Aether befreiten Reaktionsgemisches auf 160-180grad; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen In 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at 180℃; under 7500.75 - 37503.8 Torr; for 0.166667h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
With 4,4'-di-tert-butylbiphenyl; lithium; isopropyl alcohol; nickel dichloride In tetrahydrofuran at 20 - 76℃; Inert atmosphere; chemoselective reaction; | 99% |
With hydrogen In dodecane at 200℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 1.5h; | 99.1% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
With sodium acetate at 130℃; for 0.0111111h; Microwave irradiation; | 98% |
With triethylamine In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 2h; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-allylguaiacol With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: benzyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0℃; for 1h; | 100% |
With tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide; potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20 - 55℃; Inert atmosphere; | 99% |
With potassium carbonate In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 4h; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: methanol; 4-allylguaiacol With [bis(acetoxy)iodo]benzene; sodium hydrogencarbonate In benzene at 0℃; for 0.166667h; Stage #2: acenaphthylene In benzene at 20℃; for 22h; Diels-Alder reaction; stereoselective reaction; | 100% |
4-allylguaiacol
4-n-propylcyclohexanol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen In dodecane at 200℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 1.5h; | 99.9% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With rhodium(III) chloride; ethanol at 140 - 145℃; | 99% |
With tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) chloride at 50 - 60℃; for 4h; Temperature; | 99% |
tricyclohexylphosphine[1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidine][benzylidene]ruthenium(II) dichloride; polydimethylsiloxane In methanol; water at 100℃; for 20h; | 82% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In acetone at 60℃; for 12h; | 99% |
With sodium hydroxide In water; acetone for 8h; Reflux; | 96% |
Stage #1: 4-allylguaiacol With potassium hydroxide In ethanol Stage #2: With sodium carbonate In ethanol Reflux; Stage #3: allyl bromide In ethanol Reflux; | 94% |
4-allylguaiacol
(2-trimethylethylsilylethoxy)methyl chloride
[2-(4-Allyl-2-methoxy-phenoxymethoxy)-ethyl]-trimethyl-silane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In dichloromethane for 24h; Ambient temperature; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine; aluminium(III) iodide In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 18h; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; | 99% |
Stage #1: 4-allylguaiacol With pyridine; iodine; aluminium In acetonitrile for 18h; Reflux; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In water; acetonitrile at 20℃; Reagent/catalyst; | 99% |
With aluminium(III) iodide; diisopropyl-carbodiimide In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 18h; Reagent/catalyst; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Grotjahn’s catalyst In [(2)H6]acetone at 25℃; for 0.0666667h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Solvent; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; stereoselective reaction; | 99% |
With platinum(II) chloride In methanol | 96% |
With Grotjahn’s catalyst at 20℃; for 0.333333h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Glovebox; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry; diastereoselective reaction; | 95.9% |
4-allylguaiacol
(Ti(C5(CH3)5)Cl2(O(C6H3(OCH3)(CH2CHCH2))))
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene Ar atm., room temp.; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran Ar atm.; | 99% |
triethylsilane
4-allylguaiacol
((4-allyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(triethylsilane)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tris(pentafluorophenyl)borate at 20℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; | 99% |
With tris(pentafluorophenyl)borate for 16h; Inert atmosphere; | 99% |
With tris(pentafluorophenyl)borate at 20℃; for 0.166667h; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With palladium diacetate; triphenylphosphine; benzoic acid In tetrahydrofuran at -40 - 80℃; under 15001.5 Torr; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
platinum-1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane complex In toluene at 80 - 120℃; for 2h; | 98.7% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 5%-palladium/activated carbon; potassium carbonate; triphenylphosphine In water at 85 - 105℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; | 98.5% |
With bis(η3-allyl-μ-chloropalladium(II)); potassium carbonate; bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether In water; toluene at 45℃; for 24h; Tsuji-Trost Allylation; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 77% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-allylguaiacol With ammonium hydroxide In water; acetone for 0.166667h; Stage #2: With potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) In water; acetone | 98% |
With ammonium hydroxide; air; potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) In water; acetone at 20℃; | 95% |
With ammonium hydroxide; potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) at 20℃; | 95% |
4-allylguaiacol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ammonium hydroxide; KFe(CN)6 In acetone | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-allylguaiacol With ozone In ethanol at -55℃; Stage #2: With sodium tetrahydroborate In ethyl acetate at 20℃; | 98% |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: ozone / sodium hydrogencarbonate / dichloromethane; methanol / 2 h / -78 °C 2: sodium tetrahydroborate; methanol / dichloromethane / 2 h / -78 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere View Scheme |
4-allylguaiacol
phenylacetyl chloride
phenylacetic acid 4-allyl-2-methoxy-phenyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In acetone for 2h; Reflux; | 98% |
With potassium carbonate In acetone for 2h; Reflux; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone In 1,4-dioxane; ethanol at 20℃; for 50h; UV-irradiation; | 98% |
With benzoin dimethyl ether at 20℃; for 1h; UV-irradiation; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With (2-hydroxy-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-methyl-1-propanone) In 1,4-dioxane; ethanol at 100℃; for 0.5h; UV-irradiation; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
for 4h; Reflux; | 98% |
4-allylguaiacol
prenyl bromide
1-<(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxyl>-2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In acetone at 60℃; for 12h; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With benzoin monomethyl ether In 1,4-dioxane; ethanol at 30℃; for 2h; Reagent/catalyst; Irradiation; | 97.5% |
With 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid UV-irradiation; |
4-allylguaiacol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethylamine; trichlorophosphate In ethyl acetate at 0 - 20℃; for 16.5h; | 97% |
With triethylamine; trichlorophosphate In ethyl acetate at 0 - 20℃; for 24h; | 97% |
With sodium hydroxide; trichlorophosphate extrahieren mit Aether; | |
Stage #1: 4-allylguaiacol With trichlorophosphate In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 4h; Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide In dichloromethane; water Temperature; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; |
4-allylguaiacol
4-methoxy-benzoyl chloride
4'-allyl-2'-methoxyphenyl 4-methoxybenzoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-allylguaiacol With triethylamine In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 4-methoxy-benzoyl chloride In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 24.75h; Inert atmosphere; | 97% |
With sodium hydroxide In water at 20℃; for 0.5h; | 85% |
With sodium hydroxide In water at 20℃; for 0.5h; | 43% |
With sodium hydroxide In water at 20℃; for 0.5h; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 25h; | 97% |
4-allylguaiacol
1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane
1,3-bis-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl]tetramethyldisiloxane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dihydrogen hexachloroplatinate In isopropyl alcohol at 60℃; for 4h; | 97% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butan 1-one In 1,4-dioxane; ethanol at 80℃; for 10h; UV-irradiation; | 97% |
The Eugenol is an organic compound with the formula C10H12O2. The IUPAC name of this chemical is 2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol. With the CAS registry number 97-53-0, it is also named as phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl)-. The product's categories are Antioxidant; Biochemistry. Besides, it is a clear colorless pale yellow or amber-colored liquid, which should be stored in a dark and cool place.It will be darkens and thickens on exposure to air. Also darkens with age. Eugenol may decompose on exposure to light. Insoluble in water.It reacts with strong alkalis. Eugenol is incompatible with strong oxidizers. This includes ferric chloride and potassium permanganate.
The Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine as a local antiseptic and anesthetic. It is also a key ingredient in Indonesian kretek (clove) cigarettes. It was used in the production of isoeugenol for the manufacture of vanillin, though most vanillin is now produced from phenol or from lignin. Eugenol is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, so it is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study. Eugenol derivatives or methoxyphenol are used in formulating insect attractants and UV absorbers, biocides, analgesics, and antiseptics. They are also used in manufacturing stabilizers and antioxidants for plastics and rubbers.
Physical properties about Eugenol are:
(1)ACD/LogP: 2.20; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 2.2; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 2.2; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 27.88; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 27.85; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 376.88; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 376.41; (8)#H bond acceptors: 2; (9)#H bond donors: 1; (10)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 4; (11)Polar Surface Area: 29.46 Å2; (12)Index of Refraction: 1.535; (13)Molar Refractivity: 48.72 cm3; (14)Molar Volume: 156.2 cm3; (15)Polarizability: 19.31×10-24cm3; (16)Surface Tension: 36.5 dyne/cm; (17)Density: 1.05 g/cm3; (18)Flash Point: 119.8 °C; (19)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 51.24 kJ/mol; (20)Boiling Point: 255 °C at 760 mmHg; (21)Vapour Pressure: 0.0104 mmHg at 25°C.
Preparation of Eugenol:
The Eugenol can be prepared by 1-allyloxy-2-methoxy-benzene. This reaction will need reagent BF3+2 CH3COOH. The reaction temperature is 68 °C.
Uses of Eugenol:
It can be used to produce 2-Methoxy-4-propyl-phenol at temperature of 20 °C. It will need reagent H2, catalyst 10 percent Pd/C and solvent ethanol with reaction time of 5 hours. The yield is about 98%.
When you are using Eugenol, please be cautious about it as the following:
It is harmful if swallowed and may cause sensitisation by inhalation and skin contact. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Besides, Eugenol is irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin and limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. When you are using it, wear suitable protective clothing, do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer) and avoid contact with skin and eyes.
You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES:Oc1ccc(cc1OC)CC=C;
(2)Std. InChI:InChI=1S/C10H12O2/c1-3-4-8-5-6-9(11)10(7-8)12-2/h3,5-7,11H,1,4H2,2H3;
(3)Std. InChIKey:RRAFCDWBNXTKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N.
The toxicity data of Eugenol is as follows:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
dog | LDLo | oral | 500mg/kg (500mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING | Gastroenterology. Vol. 15, Pg. 481, 1950. |
guinea pig | LD50 | oral | 2130mg/kg (2130mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) | Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 2, Pg. 327, 1964. |
hamster | LD50 | intratracheal | 17mg/kg (17mg/kg) | LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: STRUCTURAL OR FUNCTIONAL CHANGE IN TRACHEA OR BRONCHI LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CHRONIC PULMONARY EDEMA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA | Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 59, Pg. 78, 1986. |
mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 500mg/kg (500mg/kg) | Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances, Academie des Sciences. Vol. 250, Pg. 1148, 1960. | |
mouse | LD50 | intravenous | 72mg/kg (72mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION | Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 164, Pg. 30, 1966. |
mouse | LD50 | oral | 3gm/kg (3000mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) | Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 2, Pg. 327, 1964. |
rat | LC | inhalation | > 2580mg/m3/4H (2580mg/m3) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) | Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 62, Pg. 381, 1988. |
rat | LD50 | intratracheal | 11mg/kg (11mg/kg) | LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: STRUCTURAL OR FUNCTIONAL CHANGE IN TRACHEA OR BRONCHI LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CHRONIC PULMONARY EDEMA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA | Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 59, Pg. 78, 1986. |
rat | LD50 | oral | 1930mg/kg (1930mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX) BEHAVIORAL: COMA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA | Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 73, Pg. 148, 1950. |
rat | LDLo | intraperitoneal | 800mg/kg (800mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES | Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande. Vol. 16, Pg. 449, 1896. |
rat | LDLo | subcutaneous | 5gm/kg (5000mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES | Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande. Vol. 16, Pg. 449, 1896. |
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