Hydroquinone supplier | CasNO.123-31-9

Name
Hydroquinone
EINECS 204-617-8
CAS No. 123-31-9
Article Data977
CAS DataBase
Density 1.275 g/cm³
Solubility water: 70 g/L (20 °C)
Melting Point 172-175 °C(lit.)
Formula C₆H₆O₂
Boiling Point 286 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 110.112
Flash Point 141.6 °C
Transport Information UN 2662
Appearance off-white powder or white needle-like crystals
Safety 26-36/37/39-61
Risk Codes 22-40-41-43-50-68
Molecular Structure
Hazard Symbols Xn,N
Synonyms p-Dihydroxybenzene;Tecquinol;Benzohydroquinone;Benzoquinol;1,4-Dihydrobenzoquinone;1, 4-Dihydroxy-benzol;Idrochinone;1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen;Diak 5;p-Hydroquinone;NCI-C55834;1, 4-Dihydroxybenzene;Benzene-1,4-diol;p-Dioxybenzene;Derma-Blanch;Hydroquinone (USP);p-Dioxobenzene;Usaf ek-356;1/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8;Tequinol;Hydrochinon (CZECH, POLISH);Quinol;Dihydroquinone;.alpha.-Hydroquinone;1,4-Diidrobenzene;Eldoquin;Eldoquin (TN);1,4-Benzenediol;Hydroquinol;p-Benzenediol;Phiaquin;4-Hydroxyphenol;1,4-Dihydroxybenzen;.beta.-Quinol;Benzene, p-dihydroxy-;Artra;Black and White Bleaching Cream;p-Hydroxyphenol;1,4-Dihydroxybenzene;Eldopaque;Hydroquinole;Tenox HQ;Hidroquinone;Arctuvin;p-dihydroxybenzene, hydroquinone;Hydroquinone,123-31-9;
PSA 40.46000
LogP 1.09780

Synthetic route

: 106-51-4
p-benzoquinone

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With nickel In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Reduction;	100%
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; sodium iodide In acetonitrile at 0℃; for 0.0833333h;	99%
With hydrazine hydrate In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 18h; Irradiation;	99%

: 103-16-2
4-Benzyloxyphenol

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With palladium 10% on activated carbon; hydrogen In methanol at 50℃; under 750.075 Torr; Reagent/catalyst; Flow reactor;	100%
With hydrogen In methanol at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 18h; Reagent/catalyst; chemoselective reaction;	100%
With hydrogen In methanol at 20℃; for 6h; chemoselective reaction;	100%
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: potassium carbonate, potassium iodide / acetonitrile / 1 h / Heating 2: 84 percent / hydrogen / 10percent palladium on carbon / tetrahydrofuran; ethanol / 3 h / 760 Torr 3: 88 percent / hydrogen / 10percent palladium on carbon / ethanol / 15 h / 3040 Torr View Scheme
With formic acid for 3h; Heating / reflux;

: 621-91-0
1,4-dibenzyloxybenzene

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran; carbon dioxide at 50℃; under 75007.5 Torr; gas-expanded solution;	100%

: 126150-65-0
dimethanesulfonate hydroquinone

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium phosphate In aq. phosphate buffer; water; dimethyl sulfoxide at 25℃; for 0.333333h; pH=7.5; Enzymatic reaction;	100%

: 150-78-7
1,4-dimethoxybezene

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In water at 250℃; under 37503.8 Torr; for 3h; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry;	98%
With hydrogen iodide at 25℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;	96%
With lithium triethylborohydride In tetrahydrofuran at 67℃; for 168h;	90%

: 123-08-0
4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide at 20℃; for 0.666667h; Dakin Phenol Oxidation; Green chemistry;	98%
With dihydrogen peroxide In water at 20℃; for 2h; Dakin Phenol Oxidation; Green chemistry;	98%
With dihydrogen peroxide; 5-ethyl-10-methyl-2,4-dioxo-2,3,4,10-tetrahydrobenzo[g]pteridin-5-ium perchlorate; sodium hydrogencarbonate In methanol; water at 20℃; for 24h; Reagent/catalyst; Dakin Phenol Oxidation; chemoselective reaction;	97%

: 97108-34-4
hydrazine hydroquinone complex

: 123-08-0
4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde

A: 5466-23-9
bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine

B: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
at 25 - 30℃; for 1h; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Reaction partners; Reaction types; Condensation; solid state, in ball mill;	A 98% B n/a

...Expand

: 71597-85-8
(p-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With 2,5-dimethylfuran; zinc(II) phthalocyanine; oxygen In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 1.5h; Irradiation; Sealed tube; Schlenk technique;	98%
With 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate; dihydrogen peroxide In neat (no solvent) at 20℃; for 0.116667h;	95%
With iron(III) oxide; oxygen In tetrahydrofuran Irradiation;	91%

: 2117-24-0
1,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)benzene

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With methanol; 1,3-disulfonic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; Green chemistry;	98%

: 106-51-4
p-benzoquinone

: 2633-66-1
2-mesitylmagnesium bromide

A: 4-hydroxy-4-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2,5-cyclohexadiene

B: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

C: 108-67-8
1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran Grignard reaction;	A 97% B 3% C 4%

...Expand

: 7400-08-0
p-Coumaric Acid

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With NADH In aq. phosphate buffer at 37℃; for 8h; pH=7.0; Enzymatic reaction;	97%
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: feruloyl-CoA synthetase / Enzymatic reaction 1.2: Enzymatic reaction 2.1: vanillin dehydrogenase from genom of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (NC_002947.4) / Enzymatic reaction 3.1: 4-hydroxybenzoate 1-hydroxylase MNX1 from yeast Candida parapsilosis strain CDC317 / 2 h / Enzymatic reaction View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: E. coli (pET28a-TtAdo-BLPad) / aq. phosphate buffer / 6 h / 37 °C / pH 7.0 / Enzymatic reaction 2: vanillin dehydrogenase from genom of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (NC_002947.4) / Enzymatic reaction 3: 4-hydroxybenzoate 1-hydroxylase MNX1 from yeast Candida parapsilosis strain CDC317 / 2 h / Enzymatic reaction View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: Bacillus licheniformis strain CGMCC 7172 phenolic acid decarboxylase / 6 h / Enzymatic reaction 2: oxygen; Thielavia terrestris NRRL 8126 aromatic dioxygenase TtAdo (XP_003653923) / 37 °C / pH 7.0 / Enzymatic reaction 3: vanillin dehydrogenase from genom of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (NC_002947.4) / Enzymatic reaction 4: 4-hydroxybenzoate 1-hydroxylase MNX1 from yeast Candida parapsilosis strain CDC317 / 2 h / Enzymatic reaction View Scheme

: 598-30-1
sec.-butyllithium

: 106-51-4
p-benzoquinone

A: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

B: 4-sec-Butyl-4-hydroxy-cyclohexa-2,5-dienone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 0.5h;	A 96% B 4%

...Expand

: 4612-26-4
1,4-Phenyldiboronic acid

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With urea hydrogen peroxide adduct In methanol at 27 - 29℃; for 0.0833333h; Green chemistry; chemoselective reaction;	96%
With LACTIC ACID; dihydrogen peroxide In water at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Reagent/catalyst; Green chemistry;	95%
With dihydrogen peroxide In ethanol at 20℃; for 0.166667h;	91%

: 71-43-2
benzene

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide; copper(II) nitrate In phosphate buffer; acetonitrile at 50℃; Oxidation;	95%
With dihydrogen peroxide; vanadia In water; acetic acid; acetonitrile at 59.84℃; for 6h; Green chemistry;	4.1%
With ethanol; sulfuric acid Electrolysis;

: 78018-57-2
1,4-bis{[(tert-butyl)(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}benzene

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With aluminium(III) chloride hexahydrate In methanol at 50℃; for 12h; Solvent; Temperature; Heating; Sealed tube; chemoselective reaction;	95%
With cerium (IV) sulfate tetrahydrate In methanol at 130℃; for 0.333333h; Microwave irradiation;	93%
With dichloro bis(acetonitrile) palladium(II) In water; acetone at 75℃; for 19h;	79%
With potassium hydrogen difluoride In methanol at 20℃; for 1h;	67%
With copper(ll) sulfate pentahydrate In methanol at 100℃; for 0.25h; Microwave irradiation;	64%

: 106-51-4
p-benzoquinone

CH3MgX: CH3MgX

A: 23438-23-5
4-hydroxy-4-methyl-cyclohexa-2,5-dienone

B: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 0.5h;	A 95% B n/a

...Expand

: 106-51-4
p-benzoquinone

(C2H5)(CH3)CHMgX: (C2H5)(CH3)CHMgX

A: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

B: 4-sec-Butyl-4-hydroxy-cyclohexa-2,5-dienone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 0.5h;	A 95% B 5%

...Expand

: phenylmagnesium bromide

: 106-51-4
p-benzoquinone

A: 42860-77-5
4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-cyclohexa-2,5-dienone

B: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

C: 71-43-2
benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran Grignard reaction;	A 94% B 3% C 3%

...Expand

: 108-95-2
phenol

A: 108-31-6
maleic anhydride

B: 110-15-6
succinic acid

C: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid; water; oxygen; titanium silicalite 1 (TS-1) at 65℃; for 4 - 6h; pH=~ 1.2 - 1.8; Product distribution / selectivity; Electrolysis;	A n/a B n/a C 93.4%

...Expand

: 4286-23-1
4-isopropenylphenol

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
	93.3%
With hydrogenchloride; dihydrogen peroxide at 20 - 40℃; for 0.583333h; Product distribution; other alkenyl phenols;	91%
With sulfuric acid; dihydrogen peroxide; sodium sulfite In acetone

: 150-76-5
4-methoxy-phenol

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With Cyclohexyl iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 3h; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Reagents; Solvents; Temperatures; time; Heating;	93%
With water; hydrogen bromide; Aliquat 336 at 105℃; for 7h; Catalytic behavior;	85%
With 1-butylpyridinium bromide at 100℃; Microwave irradiation; Neat (no solvent);	77%

: 108-91-8
cyclohexylamine

: 81577-19-7
(1-butyl)-(-4-oxy-phenylene) carbonate

A: 17671-80-6
butyl N-cyclohexylcarbamate

B: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With N,N-dimethyl-formamide	A 92% B n/a

...Expand

: 877-46-3
4-(1-cyclopenten-1-yl)phenol

A: 120-92-3
cyclopentanone

B: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; dihydrogen peroxide In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 3h; the excess of H2O2 was removed by catalytic hydrogenation using 10percent Pd-C;	A n/a B 91.6%

: 106-51-4
p-benzoquinone

(CH3)2CHMgX: (CH3)2CHMgX

A: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

B: 4-hydroxy-4-isopropylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 0.5h;	A 90% B 10%

...Expand

: 106-51-4
p-benzoquinone

A: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

B: 108-95-2
phenol

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With cyclohexanone; cyclohexanol at 115℃; for 9h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Inert atmosphere;	A 90% B 4.3 g

: 18986-66-8
methyl 5-phenylcyclohexane-1,3-dione

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With iodine; dimethyl sulfoxide at 80℃; for 24h; Sealed tube; Green chemistry;	90%

: 108-24-7
acetic anhydride

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 1205-91-0
benzene-1,4-diyl diacetate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With magnesium(II) perchlorate at 20℃; for 0.16h;	100%
With tin(IV) tetraphenylporphyrin perchlorate at 20℃; for 0.0833333h;	99%
beta zeolite H-form at 20℃; for 2h;	99%

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 106-51-4
p-benzoquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With barium ferrate(VI) In benzene for 0.25h; Product distribution; Heating;	100%
With benzyltrimethylammonium tribromide; sodium acetate In dichloromethane; water for 2h; Ambient temperature;	100%
With bis(2,2'-bipyridyl) copper(II) permanganate In dichloromethane for 0.25h; Ambient temperature;	100%

: 110-87-2
3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 2139-44-8
2-(4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)phenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate In dichloromethane for 3h;	100%
With pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate In dichloromethane at 25℃; for 2h;	100%
With pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 48h;	99%

: 106-96-7
propargyl bromide

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 34596-36-6
1,4-bis(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: hydroquinone With potassium carbonate In acetone for 0.5h; Reflux; Stage #2: propargyl bromide In acetone for 12h; Reflux;	100%
Stage #1: hydroquinone With 18-crown-6 ether; potassium carbonate In acetonitrile for 0.5h; Reflux; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: propargyl bromide In toluene; acetonitrile Reflux; Inert atmosphere;	98%
Stage #1: hydroquinone With potassium carbonate In acetone for 0.5h; Stage #2: propargyl bromide In acetone for 20h; Reflux;	96%

: 5197-62-6
2-[2-(chloroethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 134881-72-4
1,4-bis-(2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium tert-butylate In tert-butyl alcohol for 92h; Heating;	100%
With potassium tert-butylate In tert-butyl alcohol for 65h; Heating;	78%
With potassium carbonate In acetonitrile at 130℃; for 72h; Sealed tube; High pressure;	75%

: 2375-30-6
pentafluorosulfanyl isocyanate

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 90597-97-0
1,4-Phenylene Bis<(pentafluorosulfanyl)carbamate>

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In acetone -196 deg C to r.t.;	100%

: 134637-27-7
C14H20O4

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 134637-24-4
C20H24O6

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With silver(l) oxide Ambient temperature;	100%

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

A: 36831-87-5
diphenyl-2,5 furannedicarbaldehyde 3,4

B: 106-51-4
p-benzoquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With barium ferrate(VI) In benzene for 0.3h; Heating;	A 70% B 100%

: 28917-44-4
3,5-dibenzyloxylbenzoyl chloride

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 159507-52-5
C48H38O8

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dmap In dichloromethane for 120h; Ambient temperature;	100%

: 1636-14-2
bis(diethylamino)phenylphosphine

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: p-phenylene bis(N,N-diethyl-P-phenylphosphonamidite)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
at 115 - 120℃; for 2.5h;	100%
In acetonitrile

: 135-53-5
2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulphonic acid sodium salt

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 108464-88-6
1,3-bis(4'-fluorobenzoyl)benzene

Polymer; Monomer(s): 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene, 5 mmol; sodium 6,7-dihydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonate, 4.5 mmol; hydroquinone, 0.5 mmol: Polymer; Monomer(s): 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene, 5 mmol; sodium 6,7-dihydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonate, 4.5 mmol; hydroquinone, 0.5 mmol

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 160 - 170℃;	100%

...Expand

: 135-53-5
2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulphonic acid sodium salt

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 108464-88-6
1,3-bis(4'-fluorobenzoyl)benzene

Polymer; Monomer(s): 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene, 5 mmol; sodium 6,7-dihydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonate, 4 mmol; hydroquinone, 1 mmol: Polymer; Monomer(s): 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene, 5 mmol; sodium 6,7-dihydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonate, 4 mmol; hydroquinone, 1 mmol

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 160 - 170℃;	100%

...Expand

: 135-53-5
2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulphonic acid sodium salt

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 108464-88-6
1,3-bis(4'-fluorobenzoyl)benzene

Polymer; Monomer(s): 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene, 5 mmol; sodium 6,7-dihydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonate, 3.5 mmol; hydroquinone, 1.5 mmol: Polymer; Monomer(s): 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene, 5 mmol; sodium 6,7-dihydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonate, 3.5 mmol; hydroquinone, 1.5 mmol

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 160 - 170℃;	100%

...Expand

: 135-53-5
2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulphonic acid sodium salt

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 108464-88-6
1,3-bis(4'-fluorobenzoyl)benzene

Polymer; Monomer(s): 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene, 5 mmol; sodium 6,7-dihydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonate, 3 mmol; hydroquinone, 2 mmol: Polymer; Monomer(s): 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene, 5 mmol; sodium 6,7-dihydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonate, 3 mmol; hydroquinone, 2 mmol

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 160 - 170℃;	100%

...Expand

: 135-53-5
2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulphonic acid sodium salt

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 108464-88-6
1,3-bis(4'-fluorobenzoyl)benzene

Polymer; Monomer(s): 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene, 5 mmol; sodium 6,7-dihydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonate, 2.5 mmol; hydroquinone, 2.5 mmol: Polymer; Monomer(s): 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene, 5 mmol; sodium 6,7-dihydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonate, 2.5 mmol; hydroquinone, 2.5 mmol

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 160 - 170℃;	100%

...Expand

: 852282-88-3
6-chloro-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 923584-43-4
C30H27NO4

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one at 80℃; for 24h;	100%

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 15933-59-2
1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisilazane

: 70939-99-0
1,4-bis(dimethylsilyloxy)benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With dimethylmonochlorosilane In tetrahydrofuran Reflux;	100%

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 75-65-0
tert-butyl alcohol

: 1948-33-0
tert-butylhydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With phosphoric acid In water at 59 - 81℃; for 2h; Temperature;	99.9%
With aminosulfonic acid In 1,4-dioxane; toluene at 135℃; for 8h; Temperature;	50%
With phosphoric acid In water at 80℃; for 4h; Concentration; Temperature; Time; Large scale;	44.8%

: 540-88-5
acetic acid tert-butyl ester

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 1948-33-0
tert-butylhydroquinone

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid at 85℃; for 8h; Temperature; Large scale;	99.9%

: 75-21-8
oxirane

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 104-38-1
1,4-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: hydroquinone With 1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene In diethylene glycol dimethyl ether at 100℃; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: oxirane In diethylene glycol dimethyl ether at 130 - 135℃; for 4h; Solvent; Temperature;	99.3%
anion exchange resin A (Cl-type) In 2-methoxy-ethanol; toluene at 100℃; for 6h;	73%
anion exchange resin A (Cl-type) In 2-methoxy-ethanol at 100℃; for 4.5h;	69 %Chromat.

: 20769-85-1
2-bromoisobutyric acid bromide

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 1,4-phenylene bis(2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate)

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran for 6.5h; Cooling with ice;	99.2%
With triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere;	86.8%
With triethylamine In tetrahydrofuran for 24h;

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 556-48-9
1,4-Cyclohexanediol

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen In water at 30℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 7h; Autoclave;	99.1%
With hydrogen In water at 80℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 6h;	99%
With potassium hydroxide; samarium diiodide In tetrahydrofuran; water for 0.05h; Ambient temperature;	98%

: 64-19-7
acetic acid

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 1205-91-0
benzene-1,4-diyl diacetate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With bismuth(lll) trifluoromethanesulfonate for 1h; Heating;	99%
With poly(4-vinylpyridine) perchlorate In neat (no solvent) at 20℃; for 0.366667h;	92%
With PPA

: 106-95-6
allyl bromide

: 123-31-9
hydroquinone

: 37592-20-4
1,4-bis(allyloxy)benzene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: allyl bromide With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; oil at -10℃; for 0.166667h; Stage #2: hydroquinone In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; oil for 0.75h;	99%
With potassium carbonate In acetone for 5h; Heating;	95%
With potassium carbonate In acetone Reflux;	90%

Hydroquinone Consensus Reports

IARC Cancer Review: Group 3 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 7 , 1987,p. 56.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 15 , 1977,p. 155.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) . Community Right-To-Know List. EPA Extremely Hazardous Substances List. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

Hydroquinone Standards and Recommendations

OSHA PEL: TWA 2 mg/m³
ACGIH TLV: TWA 2 mg/m³; Animal Carcinogen
DFG MAK: Animal Carcinogen, Suspected Human Carcinogen
NIOSH REL: (Hydroquinone) CL 2.0 mg/m³/15M
DOT Classification: 6.1; Label: KEEP AWAY FROM FOOD

Hydroquinone Analytical Methods

For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Hydroquinone, 5004.

Hydroquinone Specification

1. Introduction of Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone, its CAS NO. is 123-31-9, the synonyms are Quinol; 1,4-Benzenediol; 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene. The IUPAC Name of it is benzene-1,4-diol.

2. Properties of Hydroquinone
Mol File: 123-31-9.mol
EINECS: 204-617-8
Melting Point: 172-175 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 286 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 141.6 °C
Density: 1.275 g/cm³
Water Solubility: 70 g/L (20 ºC)
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, oxygen, ferric salts. Light and air-sensitive. Discolours in air.
Index of Refraction: 1.612
Molar Refractivity: 30.01 cm³
Molar Volume: 86.2 cm3
Surface Tension: 57.1 dyne/cm
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 54.61 kJ/mol
Vapour Pressure: 0.00157 mmHg at 25°C
XLogP3-AA: 0.6
H-Bond Donor: 2
H-Bond Acceptor: 2

3. Structure Descriptors of Hydroquinone
Canonical SMILES: C1=CC(=CC=C1O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8H
InChIKey: QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Categories: Intermediates of Dyes and Pigments; Redox Catalysts (Environmentally-friendly Oxidation); Environmentally-friendly Oxidation; Synthetic Organic Chemistry; Aromatics.

4. Toxicity of Hydroquinone

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
cat	LD50	oral	50mg/kg (50mg/kg)		National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0555537,
cat	LDLo	subcutaneous	50mg/kg (50mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR BLOOD: METHEMOGLOBINEMIA-CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN VASCULAR: REGIONAL OR GENERAL ARTERIOLAR OR VENOUS DILATION	Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 72, Pg. 241, 1913.
dog	LD50	oral	200mg/kg (200mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING	Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Vol. 8, Pg. 348, 1949.
dog	LDLo	intravenous	80mg/kg (80mg/kg)		"Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 162, 1955.
dog	LDLo	subcutaneous	100mg/kg (100mg/kg)		Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 183, Pg. 319, 1936.
frog	LDLo	parenteral	190mg/kg (190mg/kg)	PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES	Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 166, Pg. 437, 1932.
frog	LDLo	subcutaneous	190mg/kg (190mg/kg)		"Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 160, 1955.
guinea pig	LD50	oral	550mg/kg (550mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT	Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Vol. 8, Pg. 348, 1949.
guinea pig	LDLo	intraperitoneal	200mg/kg (200mg/kg)		"Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 162, 1955.
guinea pig	LDLo	subcutaneous	300mg/kg (300mg/kg)		"Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 162, 1955.
human	LDLo	oral	29mg/kg (29mg/kg)		"Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 321, 1969.
human	TDLo	oral	170mg/kg (170mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: COMA CARDIAC: PULSE RATE INCREASE WITHOUT FALL IN BP LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS	Annales de Medecine Legale. Criminologie, Police Scientifique et Toxicologie. Vol. 7, Pg. 79, 1927.
mammal (species unspecified)	LD50	oral	480mg/kg (480mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY)	Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. Vol. 15, Pg. 136, 1979.
mammal (species unspecified)	LD50	skin	5970mg/kg (5970mg/kg)		Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 45(10), Pg. 16, 1980.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	100mg/kg (100mg/kg)		National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD414-344,
mouse	LD50	oral	245mg/kg (245mg/kg)		Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 38(8), Pg. 6, 1973.
mouse	LD50	subcutaneous	182mg/kg (182mg/kg)		Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Innere Medizin und Ihre Grenzgebiete. Vol. 2, Pg. 333, 1947.
mouse	LD50	unreported	150mg/kg (150mg/kg)		British Journal of Cancer. Vol. 6, Pg. 160, 1952.
pigeon	LD50	oral	300mg/kg (300mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT	Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Vol. 8, Pg. 348, 1949.
rabbit	LD50	intraperitoneal	125mg/kg (125mg/kg)		Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. Vol. 19, Pg. 327, 1990.
rabbit	LD50	oral	200mg/kg (200mg/kg)		International Polymer Science and Technology. Vol. 3, Pg. 93, 1976.
rabbit	LDLo	intravenous	100mg/kg (100mg/kg)		Agressologie. Revue Internationale de Physio-Biologie et de Pharmacologie Appliquees aux Effets de l'Agression. Vol. 3, Pg. 311, 1962.
rat	LD50	intraperitoneal	170mg/kg (170mg/kg)		Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. Vol. 19, Pg. 327, 1990.
rat	LD50	intravenous	115mg/kg (115mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT	Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Vol. 8, Pg. 348, 1949.
rat	LD50	oral	302mg/kg (302mg/kg)		National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0555537,
rat	LD50	unreported	720mg/kg (720mg/kg)		Gigiena Truda i Professional'naya Patologiya v Estonskoi SSR. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Pathology in the Estonian SSR. Vol. 8, Pg. 145, 1972.
rat	LDLo	subcutaneous	300mg/kg (300mg/kg)		"Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 162, 1955.

5. Safety Information of Hydroquinone
Hazard Codes: Xn Harmful

Risk Statements: 22-40-41-43-50-68
R22:Harmful if swallowed.
R40:Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect.
R41:Risk of serious damage to the eyes.
R50:Very toxic to aquatic organisms.
R68:Possible risk of irreversible effects.
Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-61
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.
RIDADR: 2662
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: MX3500000
HazardClass: 9
PackingGroup: III

6. Use of Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent which is soluble in water. In human medicine, hydroquinone is used as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the color of skin as it does not have the same predisposition to cause dermatitis as Metol does. The disodium diphenolate salt of hydroquinone is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK. As a polymerization inhibitor, hydroquinone prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, etc. Hydroquinone is also used as a raw material of herbicides, rubber antioxidants and dyestuffs.

Product Name

Hydroquinone

Synthetic route

Hydroquinone Consensus Reports

Hydroquinone Standards and Recommendations

Hydroquinone Analytical Methods

Hydroquinone Specification

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