samarium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zirconium In neat (no solvent) reduction by heating the pressesd mixture (99.05 Sm2O3, purity of reducing reagent >99.5%) to 1100-1200°C at maximal 2E-4 Torr, distn. of Sm, Mo-vessel;;; | 91% |
With lanthanum In neat (no solvent) heating in a Ta-vessel to 1450°C at less than 1E-3 Torr for 30min, distn. of Sm;; purity >98%;; | >80 |
With aluminium In neat (no solvent) reduction, formation of Al-Sm-alloy;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
vapor pressure of Sm between 1217 and 1473°K given as equation; optimal conditions: 1200°C, 1E-3 Torr; | A n/a B 90% |
in vac.; |
samarium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethylenediamine Electrolysis; 150V, 4.4mA/cm**2, 0.37g nitrate in ethylene diamine;; | 41% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
in vac.; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt under Ar in a tantalum ampoule, in Na melt, heating to 650 °C for7 d, oxygen as the contamination of SmI2; cooling in air to room temp., selected under a microscope; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
in vac.; |
samarium(III) chloride
samarium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) reduction with alkali metal between 200 and 400°C; reversible react. >400°C;; | |
With calcium In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Zn-Sm-alloy; 400-750°C, steel-tube coated with CaO, booster: ZnCl2;; small amounts of alloy;; | 0% |
In melt Electrolysis; melting at 8V and 30-40A, electrolysis at very high temperatures and 50-100A;; | |
In melt eutectic KCl/LiCl-mixture, 800°C, 2A/cm**2; cathode: liquid Cd, formation of an alloy, separation of cathode material by distn.;; | |
In melt eutectic KCl/LiCl-mixture, 800°C, 2A/cm**2; cathode: liquid Mg, Zn or Cd, formation of an alloy, separation of cathode material by distn.;; |
samarium(III) chloride
A
samarium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium In neat (no solvent) reduction of oxide-free chloride;; | A 0% B n/a |
With calcium In neat (no solvent) 400-750°C, steel-tube coated with CaO, booster: I2, sulfur or KClO3;; | A 0% B n/a |
With calcium In neat (no solvent) byproducts: CaCl2; reduction under Ar, 550-1000°C;; | A 0% B n/a |
samarium(III) fluoride
samarium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With lithium In neat (no solvent) byproducts: LiF; reduction in a Ta-vessel under Ar, start of react. at 700°C, cooling within 2-3h, removal of excess Li with H2O, mechanical separation of LiF;; | |
With LiF; CaF2 In melt Electrochem. Process; electrodeposited onto Ni at 850°C; | |
With LiF; CaF2 In melt Electrochem. Process; electrodeposited onto Mo at 850°C; | 0% |
A
samarium
B
2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptadionato ion
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In gaseous matrix Irradiation (UV/VIS); photodissociation (248 nm) in a buffer gas (N2+CH4), heating of precursor; laser-induced fluorescence; |
samarium(III) bromide
samarium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Mg or Ca or Na or K or Al or Ba In neat (no solvent) reduction;; |
samarium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With alfalfa In water Sonication; pH of alfalfa suspn. in H2O was adjusted to 4, 6, 7 and 8 with biphthalates and phosphates, sonication for 15 min, it is added to Sm-salt soln.,sonication for 20 min, 25 °C for 4 h, centrifuging for 30 min at 2000 rpm standing for 72 h; |
samarium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Irradiation (UV/VIS); lanthanide compd. photodissociation by excimer laser irradiation at 248 nm; LIF detection; |
samarium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
heating under vac. at 1600-1670°C for 30-240 min.; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
vapor of the oxide studied at 1950-2350°K (Knudsen-cell); detected by MS; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
vapor of the oxide studied at 2000-2700°K (Knudsen-cell); detected by MS; | |
vapor of the oxide studied at 1600-1850°C; detected by MS; | |
vapor of the oxide studied by MS; detected by MS; |
samarium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2; heating (vac., 5°C/min, 550-800°C); DTA monitoring; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) determination of react.-enthalpy at 298K;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Knudsen effusion mass spectroscopy; vaporization of SmS at 1381-2014 ° C; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Li or Na or Ca or Ba In neat (no solvent) reduction at higher temp.;; | A 0% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In gas 1187K, Ta-Knudsen-cell; equilibrium;; | |
In neat (no solvent, gas phase) 1187K, Ta-Knudsen-cell; equilibrium;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
vapor pressure of Sm between 1225 and 1473 K given as equation; optimal conditions: 1200°C, 1 h, 1E-3 Torr; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
2200 K; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: SmTe, Te2; 1788-1972 K; |
samarium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With C2H4I2 In 1,2-dimethoxyethane activation of Sm with C2H4I2 soln. (2h,room temp.), flask cooled to -20°C and charged with cyclooctatetraene , after 2h reaction time the flask was warmed to room temp. and the mixture stirred overnight ; suspension; not isolated , GC anal.; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In gas vac.-cocondensation (1E-4 mmHg) of Sm (1E-5 mole/h) and acetylacetone ()1E-3 mole/h) vapours on a cooled (to 80 K) glass or copper surface, film, then heating to 130-135 K; pumping off H2, heating to 20°C, sublimation (3h, 1E-2 mmHg); | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With C2H4I2 In 1,2-dimethoxyethane activation of Sm with C2H4I2 soln. (2h,room temp.) , flask cooled to -20°C and charged with anthracene , after 2h reaction time the flask was warmed to room temp. and the mixt. stirred overnight ; suspension; not isolated , GC anal.; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With C2H4I2 In 1,2-dimethoxyethane activation of Sm with C2H4I2 soln. (2h,room temp.) , flask cooled to -20°C and charged with 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene , after 2h reaction time the flask was warmed to room temp. and the mixt. stirred overnight; suspension; not isolated , GC anal.; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With mercury In tetrahydrofuran THF was added by syringe to Sm, Tl(C5H5) and Hg at 0°C for 48 h and then 20°C for 24 h under N2; cooled, filtered, filtrate was evapd. to dryness under vac. at room temp.; elem. anal.; | 100% |
With mercury In tetrahydrofuran THF was added by syringe to Sm, Tl(C5H5) and Hg at 65°C for 65 hand then 20°C for 24 h under N2; cooled, filtered, filtrate was evapd. to dryness under vac. at room temp.; elem. anal.; | 100% |
With mercury In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether THF and Et2O was added by syringe to Sm, Tl(C5H5) and Hg at 0°C for 48 h and then 20°C for 72 h under N2; cooled, filtered, filtrate was evapd. to dryness under vac. at room temp.; elem. anal.; | 80% |
samarium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetonitrile byproducts: Tl; the solvent was added by syringe to Sm and Tl(C5H5) under N2, Hg was added, stirred at 82°C for 66 h; followed by evapn. to dryness, recrystd. from MeCN; elem. anal.; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxygen In dimethyl sulfoxide metal. Sm under O2 atm. treated with DMSO and triflic acid (3 equiv.) in3 portions, heated at 100°C for 10 h; | 99% |
selenium
samarium
copper
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) mixt. Cu, Sm, and Se was heated at 973 K for 7 days; product was washed with water and dried in air; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) mixt. of Sm, Ni, Sn loaded into Ta tube, heated at 970°C for 36 h, quenched in water, annealed at 700°C for 15 d; | 99% |
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) mixt. of Sm, Ni, Sn loaded into Nb tube, heated under dynamic vac. at 300°C for 1 d, heated at 950°C for 5 d, cooled to room temp.at 15°C/h; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt mixing of Sm, Ga and Ge in ratio Sm:Ga:Ge as 1:15:1 under N2; slowly heating (60°C/h) up to 1000°C; holding at 1000°C for 5h; cooling (75°C/h) to 850°C; holding isothermally for 6 days; cooling to 200°C; hot-temp. span-filtration; treatment with 3 M soln. of I2 in DMF for 12-24 h; rinsing with DMF, hot water, drying with acetone and ether; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt metal:metal fluoride:S molar ratio was 2:1:3, quartz crucible, Nb- or Ta-capsule, several days, 850 °C; equimolar amt. of NaCl was used as flux; NaCl was washed out with water; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: C2Cl4; Sonication; inert atmosphere; mass ratio metal : C2Cl6 = 1 : 3, 30 h; pptn. on pentane addn., decantation, washing (pentane), drying (room temp., dry box); elem. anal.; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With CsI In neat (no solvent) mixt. Sm, Cs2Se3, Zn, Se, and CsI was heated in vacuumated sealed tube to 1273 K in 48 h, kept at 1273 K for 50 h, and cooled a 4 K/h to 473 K; react. mixt. was washed with DMF, water, and acetone; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In hydrogenchloride Schlenk techniques; dissolution Sm in concd. aq. HCl (37%); XRD; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In hydrogen bromide aq. HBr; Schlenk techniques; dissolution Sm in concd. aq. HBr (48%); XRD; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In further solvent(s) Schlenk techniques; dissolution Sm in concd. aq. HI (55%); XRD; | 99% |
samarium
copper (I) tert-butoxide
B
copper
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In 1,2-dimethoxyethane all operations in sealed evacuated tubes with thoroughly dried and degassed solvents; Sm cutting and t-BuOCu stirred at ca. 20° for 35 h; excess of Sm and copper ppt. sepd. by centrifugation; reaction mixt. concd. and kept at 80° until complete dissolution of a finely dispersed ppt.; cooled slowly to 20°; crystals sepd. and dried in vacuo; identified by elem. anal., IR spec.; | A 72.9% B 96% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Hg In tetrahydrofuran (N2), DME added to excess of Nd metal, Sn complex and 1-2 drops of Hg, stirred at room temp. for 5 d, sonicated for 1 d; filtered, concd., crystd. at -20°C, washed (hexane), dried (vac.), elem. anal.; | A 96% B n/a |
With Hg In tetrahydrofuran Sonication; (N2), DME added to excess of Nd metal, Sn complex and 1-2 drops of Hg, sonicated at room temp. for 6 d; filtered, concd., crystd. for a few months, elem. anal.; | A 30% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) mixt. Sm, Ge, Se, and Cs2Se2 was heated to 725°C at a rate of 35°C/h, held at 725°C for 150 h and cooled slowly to room temp. at a rate of 4°C/h; product was washed withDMF for 6 h; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) mixt. Sm, Ge, Se, and K2Se2 was heated to 725°C at a rate of 35°C/h, held at 725°C for 150 h and cooled slowly to room temp. at a rate of 4°C/h; product was washed withDMF for 6 h; | 95% |
samarium
2-phenyl-indole
bis(pentafluorophenyl)mercury(II)
bis(2-phenylindol-1-yl)tetrakis(tetrahydrofuran)samarium(II)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: C6F5H, Hg; (N2); a mixture of Sm, 2-phenylindole and Hg-compound was stirred at room temp. for 12 h; filtered hot through a Celite pad; evapn. of solvent to dryness; elem. anal.; | 94% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In pyridine under N2, Schlenk techniques; Sm and Hg(SC6F5)2 (molar ratio 1:1.5) combined in pyridine; stirred overnight; filtered; filtrate reduced in vol. under vac.; layered with hexane; cooled to 5°C; elem. anal.; | A 35% B 93% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Hg In neat (no solvent) under inert atmosphere; Sm, ligand and Hg (molar ratio 1:5:1) sealed in evacuated Duran glass ampoule; heated to 180°C for 5.5 h and to 220°C for 2.5 h; held for 168 h; cooled to 90°C for 300 h and to room temp. for 6 h; excess of ligand evapd.; elem. anal.; | 91% |
With 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline In neat (no solvent) under inert atmosphere; Sm, ligand and C9H11N (molar ratio 1:3:4) degassed; sealed in evacuated Duran glass ampoule; heated to 180°C for 6 h and to 210°C for 3 h; held for 168 h; cooled to 60°C for 480 h and to room temp. for 6 h; washed with hexane or toluene; elem. anal.; | 84% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetrahydrofuran In tetrahydrofuran React. of HgI2 with excess Sm under N2 in refluxing THF gives yellow (SmI3) and grey (Hg) suspn. in 0.5 h, a blue-green colour (SmI2) develops, heating (72 h).; Filtn., evapn.; | A 91% B n/a |
With tetrahydrofuran In tetrahydrofuran React. of HgI2 with excess Sm under N2 in refluxing THF gives yellow (SmI3) and grey (Hg) suspn. in 0.5 h, ablue-green colour (SmI2) develops, heating (22 h).; Filtn., evapn., elem. anal.; | A 72% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In pyridine byproducts: Tl; the solvent was added by syringe to Sm and Tl(C5H5) under N2, stirred at 115°C for 15 h; product obtained by evapg. the filtered reaction mixt. to dryness; elem. anal.; | 91% |
With mercury dichloride In pyridine byproducts: Tl; the solvent was added by syringe to Sm and Tl(C5H5) under N2, HgCl2 was added to the reaction mixt., stirred at 115°C for 18 h; product obtained by evapg. the filtered reaction mixt. to dryness, recrystd. from py/THF; elem. anal.; | 53% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran under N2; diphenyl diselenide in THF is added to Eu-Hg; after 4 d filtd., the filtrate is concd., layered with diethyl ethercooled to room temp., elem. anal.; | 91% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether | 91% |
samarium
2-phenyl-indole
bis(pentafluorophenyl)mercury(II)
A
bis(2-phenylindol-1-yl)tetrakis(tetrahydrofuran)samarium(II)
B
Pentafluorobenzene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With THF In tetrahydrofuran under N2, 12 h at room temp.; filtered, filtrate evapd. to dryness (vac., room temp.); | A 90% B n/a C n/a |
The Samarium is an organic compound with the formula Sm. The IUPAC name of this chemical is samarium. With the CAS registry number 7440-19-9, it is also named as samario. The product's categories are Inorganics; Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry; Chemical Synthesis; Metals; Samarium; SamariumMetal and Ceramic Science. Besides, it is a silvery grey powder, which should be stored in a cool and dry place.
Preparation: the metal is often prepared by electrolysis of a molten mixture of samarium(III) chloride with sodium chloride or calcium chloride. Samarium can also be obtained by reducing its oxide with lanthanum. The product is then distilled to separate samarium (boiling point 1794 °C) and lanthanum (b. p. 3464 °C).
Uses of Samarium: one of the most important applications of samarium is in samarium-cobalt magnets, which have a nominal composition of SmCo5 or Sm2Co17. They have high permanent magnetization, which is about 10,000 times that of iron and is second only to that of neodymium magnets. However, samarium-based magnets have higher resistance to demagnetization, as they are stable to temperatures above 700 °C. These magnets are found in small motors, headphones, high-end magnetic pickups for guitars and related musical instruments. Another important application of samarium and its compounds is as catalyst and chemical reagent. Samarium catalysts assist decomposition of plastics, dechlorination of pollutants.
When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
It is highly flammable and has danger of cumulative effects. Please keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Besides, this chemical contacts with water liberates extremely flammable gases. When you are using it, never add water to this product. Take precautionary measures against static discharges.
You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: [Sm]
(2)InChI: InChI=1/Sm
(3)InChIKey: KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYAI
(4)Std. InChI: InChI=1S/Sm
(5)Std. InChIKey: KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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