Theophylline supplier | CasNO.58-55-9

Name
Theophylline
EINECS 200-385-7
CAS No. 58-55-9
Article Data105
CAS DataBase
Density 1.466 g/cm³
Solubility 8.3 g/L (20 °C) in water
Melting Point 271-273 °C
Formula C₇H₈N₄O₂
Boiling Point 454.091 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 180.166
Flash Point 228.426 °C
Transport Information UN 2811 6.1/PG 3
Appearance white to light yellow crystal powder
Safety 7-16-36/37-45-36-26
Risk Codes 22-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11-36/37/38
Molecular Structure
Hazard Symbols Xn, T, F, Xi
Synonyms 1H-Purine-2,6-dione,3,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl- (9CI);Theophylline (8CI);1,3-Dimethylxanthine;Accurbron;Aerobin;Aerolate;Afonilm;Apnecut;Armophylline;Asmax;Austyn;Bilordyl;Brochoretard;Bronkodyl;Cetraphylline;Chronophyllin;Diffumal;Duraphyl;Egifilin;Elixophyllin;Etheophyl;Euphylong;LaBID;Lanophyllin;Nuelin;Optiphyllin;Parkophyllin;Physpan;Pro-Vent;PulmiDur;Pulmo-Timelets;Quibron T/SR;Respbid;Respicur;Solosin;SomophyllinCRT;Somophyllin T;Spophyllin retard;Sustaire;Talotren;Telb-DS;Telbans;Telbans Dry Syrup;Teonova;Theo 24;Theo-Dur;Theo-Sav;Theobid;Theobid Duracap;Theoclear;Theodel;Theodrip;Theodur Dry Syrup;Theograd;Theolair;Theona P;Theopek;Theoplus;Theostat;Theotard;Theovent;Throphylline;Unicontin CR;Unilong;Uniphyl;Uniphyllin;Xanthium;Zydus;1H-Purine-2,6-dione,3,9-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-;
PSA 72.68000
LogP -1.03970

Synthetic route

: 7597-60-6
1,3-dimethyl-4-amino-5-(formylamino)uracil

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With triethylamine; 1,3-bis[2,6-diisopropylphenyl]imidazolium chloride In water at 75℃; under 4500.45 Torr; for 0.916667h; Pressure; Temperature; Autoclave;	97.7%
With sodium hydroxide; sodium chloride
With sodium hydroxide
at 250 - 260℃;
With sulfuric acid at 90℃; pH=5; pH-value; Temperature; Reagent/catalyst;

: 107-31-3
Methyl formate

: 57533-87-6
1,3-Dimethylxanthine potassium salt

A: 58-55-9
theophylline

B: 58-08-2
3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In methanol	A 97.5% B n/a

...Expand

: 81281-58-5
7-amino-1,3-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite In water at 5℃; for 1h;	95%

: 7-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-1,3-dimethyl-3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With trifluoroacetic acid In dichloromethane at 20℃;	87%

: 226386-40-9
(1,3-Dimethyl-2,6(1H,3H)-dioxopurin-7-yl)(phenyl)methyl acetate

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In methanol Ambient temperature;	78%

: 124093-03-4
1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-9H-purine-9-carbonitrile

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In water for 1h; Reflux;	77%

: 624734-82-3
N-(1,3-dimethyl-6-nitro-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-5-yl)-formamide

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With iron; acetic acid for 0.5h; Heating;	75%

: 64210-71-5
2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-purin-7-ylmethyl ester

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
	68%

: 80035-38-7, 80035-40-1, 80035-42-3
7-(2-acetamido-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-hex-2-enopyranosyl)theophylline

A: 58-55-9
theophylline

B: 70800-68-9
7-(methyl 2-acetamido-6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-trideoxy-α-D-threo-hex-2-enopyranosid-4-yl)theophylline

C: 70675-25-1
7-(methyl 2-acetamido-6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-trideoxy-β-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosid-4-yl)theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate In methanol for 0.25h; Heating;	A n/a B 54% C 12%

...Expand

: 64-18-6
formic acid

: 5440-00-6
4,5-Diamino-1,3-dimethyluracil

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
at 110 - 300℃; for 2.33333h;	51%
With hydrogenchloride; sodium hydroxide at 90℃; Yield given;

: 124093-02-3
7-azido-1,3-dimethylpteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl acetamide for 0.25h; Reflux;	50%

: 80035-41-2, 80035-43-4
7-(2-acetamido-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-hex-2-enopyranosyl)theophilline

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate In methanol Product distribution;	48%

: 98333-72-3
1,3-dimethyl-5-bromo-6-methylaminopyrimidine-2,4-dione

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium azide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide Ambient temperature;	47%

: 5440-00-6
4,5-Diamino-1,3-dimethyluracil

: 3724-43-4, 149409-22-3
Vilsmeier reagent

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In toluene 1.) RT, 2.) reflux;	44%

: 58-08-2
3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione

A: 58-55-9
theophylline

B: 83-67-0
theobromine /

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium thiophenolate at 250℃; for 1.5h;	A 37% B 21%

: 7150-04-1
6-amino-5-bromo-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

: 77287-34-4, 77287-35-5, 60100-09-6
formamide

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
for 7h; Reflux;	35%

: 101774-91-8
3,7-Dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1H-purin-7-carbonsaeure-ethylester

A: 58-55-9
theophylline

B: 103-30-0
(E)-1,2-diphenyl-ethene

: 130195-61-8
3,4,5,7-Tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-anti-10,syn-11-diphenyl-4,5-ethano-1H-purin-7-carbonsaeure-ethylester

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane at 25 - 30℃; for 12h; Irradiation;	A 8% B 23% C 6%

...Expand

: 103-30-0
(E)-1,2-diphenyl-ethene

: 101774-91-8
3,7-Dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1H-purin-7-carbonsaeure-ethylester

A: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 130149-72-3
3,4,5,7-Tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-syn-10,anti-11-diphenyl-4,5-ethano-1H-purin-7-carbonsaeure-ethylester

: 130195-61-8
3,4,5,7-Tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-anti-10,syn-11-diphenyl-4,5-ethano-1H-purin-7-carbonsaeure-ethylester

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane at 25 - 30℃; for 12h; Irradiation;	A 8% B 23% C 6%

...Expand

: N-(1,3-dimethyl-5-nitro-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl)formamide

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With acetic acid; zinc for 0.666667h; Reflux;	20%
With iron; acetic acid at 119℃; for 0.516667h; Temperature; Reflux;
With iron; acetic acid at 122℃; for 0.533333h; Temperature; Reflux;

: 470-17-7
isoalantolactone

: 10381-75-6
8-bromotheophylline

A: 58-55-9
theophylline

B: 1,3-dimethyl-7-(((3R,3aR,4aS,8aR,9aR)-8a-methyl-5-methylene-2-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-3-yl)methyl)-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)dione

C: 1,3-dimethyl-8-(((4aS,8aR,9aS)-8a-methyl-5-methylene-2-oxo-2,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-decahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-3-yl)methyl)-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)dione

D: 1,3-dimethyl-8-((E)-((3aR,4aS,8aR,9aR)-8a-methyl-5-methylene-2-oxodecahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-3(2H)ylidene)methyl)-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With palladium diacetate; triethylamine; tris-(o-tolyl)phosphine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 20h; Heck Reaction; Inert atmosphere; Molecular sieve; Sealed tube;	A n/a B 17% C 6% D 20%

...Expand

: 58-08-2
3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione

A: 58-55-9
theophylline

B: 83-67-0
theobromine /

C: 611-59-6
paraxanthine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hepatic cytochrome P450 Enzymatic reaction;	A 7% B 12% C n/a

...Expand

: 290-87-9
1,3,5-Triazine

: 5440-00-6
4,5-Diamino-1,3-dimethyluracil

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 6642-31-5
6-Amino-1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid

: 77287-34-4, 77287-35-5, 60100-09-6
formamide

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With formic acid; sodium nitrite anschliessendes Erhitzen mit Na2S2O4 auf 200grad;
With formic acid; sodium nitrite anschliessendes Erhitzen mit Na2S2O4 auf 200grad;

: 5440-00-6
4,5-Diamino-1,3-dimethyluracil

: 77287-34-4, 77287-35-5, 60100-09-6
formamide

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 7597-60-6
1,3-dimethyl-4-amino-5-(formylamino)uracil

: 917-58-8
potassium ethoxide

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 85-18-7
8-chlorotheophylline

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With water; zinc
With tetralin; iodine
With sodium hydroxide; palladium-barium carbonate at 105℃; under 29420.3 Torr; Hydrogenation;
bei der elektrochemischen Reduktion an einer Quecksilber-Kathode;
bei der elektrolytischen Reduktion an Bleikathoden;

: 10184-41-5
5-acetylamino-6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione

: 77287-34-4, 77287-35-5, 60100-09-6
formamide

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 31542-43-5
7-(hydroxymethyl)theophylline

A: 50-00-0
formaldehyd

B: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
at 165 - 170℃;

: 122707-25-9
6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-phenylazouracilate

: 77287-34-4, 77287-35-5, 60100-09-6
formamide

: 58-55-9
theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With nickel at 140℃; under 66195.7 Torr; Hydrogenation;

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: C7H4(2)H4N4O2

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With deuterium In water-d2 at 55℃; under 1500.15 Torr; for 36h; Glovebox;	100%

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 99132-02-2
4-(methoxymethoxy)-3-nitrobenzyl bromide

: 99131-99-4
methoxymethylphidolopin

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide Ambient temperature;	99%

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 107-06-2
1,2-dichloro-ethane

: 5878-61-5
7-(2-chloroethyl)-3,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide; Aliquat 336 for 4h; Heating;	99%
With sodium hydroxide In water; isopropyl alcohol at 78 - 80℃; for 76.5h; Heating;	90%
In water; dimethyl sulfoxide

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 3017-53-6
benzyl 2-bromopropionate

: benzyl 2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)propanoate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With caesium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;	99%

: 74-83-9
methyl bromide

: 58-55-9
theophylline

A: 58-08-2
3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione

B: 7280-81-1
3-benzyladenine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With solution aqueuse d'hydroxide de sodium; tetrabutylammomium bromide In dichloromethane 1)20 deg C, 12h 2)40 deg C, 3h;	A 98% B n/a

...Expand

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 109-64-8
1,3-dibromo-propane

: 23146-06-7
7-(3-bromo-propyl)-1,3-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide; Aliquat 336 for 2h; Heating;	98%
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 24h;	91%
With triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 60℃;	77%

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 1220356-90-0
C7H(2)H7N4O2

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With palladium 10% on activated carbon; hydrogen; water-d2 at 160℃; for 24h;	97%

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 57533-87-6
1,3-Dimethylxanthine potassium salt

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide In water for 0.166667h;	97%

: 74-96-4
ethyl bromide

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 23043-88-1
7-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide; tetrabutylammomium bromide In dichloromethane at 40℃; for 24h;	96%
With potassium hydroxide at 100℃;

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 98-59-9
p-toluenesulfonyl chloride

: 68696-86-6
N7-tosyltheophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With triethylamine In acetonitrile Reflux;	96%

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 373-53-5
fluoroiodomethane

: 7-(fluoromethyl)-1,3-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With caesium carbonate In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 6h; chemoselective reaction;	96%

: 110-86-1
pyridine

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 52943-89-2
8-pyridinium theophyllinate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With chloramine-B for 0.166667h; Ambient temperature;	95%

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 2398-70-1
6-thiotheophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With Lawessons reagent; aluminum oxide for 0.166667h; microwave irradiation;	95%

: 6940-78-9
4-chlorobutyl bromide

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 59663-15-9
7-(4-chlorobutyl)theophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: theophylline With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Stage #2: 4-chlorobutyl bromide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 24h; Further stages.;	95%

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 74-88-4
methyl iodide

: 58-08-2
3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydride In dimethyl sulfoxide for 0.75h;	95%
With sodium hydride In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 24h; Reagent/catalyst;	90%

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 66086-33-7
Di-tert-butyl acetylenedicarboxylate

: 603-35-0
triphenylphosphine

: 1268809-87-5
di-tert-butyl 2-(theophylline-7-yl)-3-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)-butanedioate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether at -5 - 20℃; for 10h; chemoselective reaction;	95%

...Expand

: 101-02-0
triphenyl phosphite

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 762-42-5
dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate

: dimethyl (2RS,3SR)-2-(diphenoxyphosphinyl)-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-7H-purine-7-yl)succinate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 24h; diastereoselective reaction;	95%

...Expand

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 100-11-8
1-bromomethyl-4-nitro-benzene

: 7278-47-9
1,3-dimethyl-7-(4-nitrobenzyl)xanthine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;	95%
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 100℃; for 4h;

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 922-67-8
propynoic acid methyl ester

: methyl 2,3-bis(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-purin-7(6H)-yl)propanoate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With triphenylphosphine In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 2h;	95%

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 3355-31-5
1-chloro-3-phenyl-2-propyne

: 21622-50-4
7-phenylpropargyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;	95%

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 82-07-5
xanthene-9-carboxylic acid

: 1,3-dimethyl-7-(9H-xanthen-9-yl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With 2,4,6-trimethyl-pyridine; tert-butylammonium hexafluorophosphate(V) In dichloromethane for 2.5h; Molecular sieve; Electrochemical reaction;	95%

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 10381-75-6
8-bromotheophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With bromine In water; acetic acid at 50℃; for 4h;	94.5%
With bromine at 150℃; zuletzt auf 150grad;
With ethanol; bromine

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 67-63-0
isopropyl alcohol

: 61639-78-9
8-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-1,3-dimethyl-3,7(9)-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With acetone at 25℃; for 80h; Product distribution; Mechanism; Irradiation;	94%
With acetone at 25℃; for 80h; Irradiation;	94%

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 122773-84-6
8-bromo-1,3-dimethyl-7-(thiiran-2-ylmethyl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione

: 1239919-39-1
7-[(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-6,7-dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[2,3-f]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide In ethanol for 3h; Reflux;	94%

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 7686-78-4
diethyl 2-vinylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylate

: (E)-diethyl 2-(4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-purin-7(6H)-yl)but-2-en-1-yl)malonate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) chloroform complex; (2S,3S)-(+)-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-2,3-butanediol In 1,4-dioxane at 30℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Sealed tube;	94%

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 100-39-0
benzyl bromide

: 1807-85-8
7-benzyltheophylline

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;	93%
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;	93%
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 35℃; for 16h;	87%

: 58-55-9
theophylline

: 532-27-4
1-chloroacetophenone

: 78491-57-3
1,3-dimethyl-7-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 2h; Alkylation;	93%

Theophylline History

Around 1888,Theophylline was first extracted from tea leaves by the German biologist Albrecht Kossel.
In 1888,Theophylline was first identified chemically.
At later,Theophylline was synthesized by another German scientist Wilhelm Traube.
In the 1950s,Theophylline was first used in asthma treatment as a drug.
In 2008, theophylline was used in anosmia treatment

Theophylline Consensus Reports

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.

Theophylline Specification

1. Introduction of Theophylline

The IUPAC name of Theophylline is 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione. With the CAS registry number 58-55-9 and EINECS 200-385-7, it is also named as 1,3-Dimethylxanthine. The product's categories are Alkaloids; Alkaloids (Others); Biochemistry; Alkaloids Forensic and Veterinary Standards; Chemical Structure; Drugs of Abuse; Drugs & Metabolites; Neat Compounds Drugs of Abuse; API's. It is white to light yellow crystal powder which is soluble in water (1:120), ethanol (1:18), chloroform (1:86), hydrogen oxidation lye, ammonia, dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute nitric acid, slightly soluble in ether at room temperature. Additionally, this chemical should be sealed in the container and stored in the cool and dry place.

2. Properties of Theophylline

The other characteristics of this product can be summarized as: (1)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (2)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1; (3)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1; (4)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 23.175; (5)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 21.837; (6)#H bond acceptors: 6; (7)#H bond donors: 1; (8)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 0; (9)Polar Surface Area: 69.3 Å²; (10)Index of Refraction: 1.62; (11)Molar Refractivity: 43.15 cm³; (12)Molar Volume: 122.913 cm³; (13)Polarizability: 17.106×10^-24 cm³; (14)Surface Tension: 67.638 dyne/cm; (15)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 71.361 kJ/mol; (16)Vapour Pressure: 0 mmHg at 25°C; (17)Tautomer Count: 4; (18)Exact Mass: 180.064726; (19)MonoIsotopic Mass: 180.064726; (20)Topological Polar Surface Area: 69.3; (21)Heavy Atom Count: 13; (22)Complexity: 267.

3. Structure Descriptors of Theophylline

You could convert the following datas into the molecular structure:
1). SMILES:Cn1c2c(c(=O)n(c1=O)C)[nH]cn2
2). InChI:InChI=1/C7H8N4O2/c1-10-5-4(8-3-9-5)6(12)11(2)7(10)13/h3H,1-2H3,(H,8,9)
3). InChIKey:ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYAT

4. Toxicity of Theophylline

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
child	TDLo	intramuscular	50mg/kg (50mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT CARDIAC: CHANGE IN RATE LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION	Journal of Pediatrics. Vol. 90, Pg. 827, 1977.
child	TDLo	oral	10mg/kg (10mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: HEADACHE CARDIAC: PULSE RATE INCREASE WITHOUT FALL IN BP GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING	Southern Medical Journal. Vol. 78, Pg. 1000, 1985.
guinea pig	LD50	oral	183mg/kg (183mg/kg)		United States Patent Document. Vol. #4089959,
guinea pig	LDLo	subcutaneous	170mg/kg (170mg/kg)		"Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 5, Pg. 168, 1959.
human	TDLo	intravenous	10mg/kg/D (10mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR CARDIAC: ARRHYTHMIAS (INCLUDING CHANGES IN CONDUCTION) GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING	JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. 235, Pg. 1983, 1976.
human	TDLo	oral	5mg/kg (5mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING	"Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 92, 1969.
human	TDLo	rectal	6mg/kg (6mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING	"Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 92, 1969.
human	TDLo	subcutaneous	3500ug/kg (3.5mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING	"Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 92, 1969.
infant	TDLo	oral	348mg/kg/4D-I (348mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: ANOREXIA (HUMAN BEHAVIORAL: IRRITABILITY LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION	Pediatric Pharmacology. Vol. 5, Pg. 209, 1985.
man	LDLo	intravenous	3429ug/kg (3.429mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS	JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. 136, Pg. 397, 1948.
man	LDLo	parenteral	12mg/kg (12mg/kg)		Deutsches Archiv fuer Klinische Medizin. Vol. 80, Pg. 510, 1904.
man	TDLo	oral	66mg/kg (66mg/kg)	CARDIAC: CHANGE IN RATE VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING	American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Vol. 11, Pg. 609, 1993.
man	TDLo	oral	66mg/kg (66mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY) GASTROINTESTINAL: CONTRACTION (ISOLATED TISSUE) GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING	Medical Journal of Australia. Vol. 156, Pg. 512, 1992.
man	TDLo	oral	86mg/kg (86mg/kg)	CARDIAC: CHANGE IN RATE VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION	Annals of Emergency Medicine. Vol. 20, Pg. 1143, 1991.
man	TDLo	oral	129mg/kg (129mg/kg)	ENDOCRINE: HYPERGLYCEMIA	Annals of Internal Medicine. Vol. 104, Pg. 284, 1986.
mouse	LD50	intramuscular	271mg/kg (271mg/kg)		Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 34, 1982.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	70mg/kg (70mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD	British Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 73, Pg. 887, 1981.
mouse	LD50	intravenous	136mg/kg (136mg/kg)		Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae. Vol. 48, Pg. 133, 1973.
mouse	LD50	oral	235mg/kg (235mg/kg)		Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 45, Pg. 569, 1995.
mouse	LD50	rectal	166mg/kg (166mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES	Pediatric Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 783, 1977.
mouse	LD50	subcutaneous	138mg/kg (138mg/kg)		Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 3, Pg. 328, 1953.
mouse	LD50	unreported	400mg/kg (400mg/kg)		United States Patent Document. Vol. #4767763,
rabbit	LD50	intravenous	150mg/kg (150mg/kg)		Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 34, 1982.
rabbit	LD50	oral	350mg/kg (350mg/kg)		"Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986Vol. -, Pg. 865, 1986.
rat	LD50	intraperitoneal	150mg/kg (150mg/kg)		United States Patent Document. Vol. #4120947,
rat	LD50	oral	225mg/kg (225mg/kg)		United States Patent Document. Vol. #4089959,
rat	LD50	unreported	300mg/kg (300mg/kg)		United States Patent Document. Vol. #4767763,
rat	LDLo	intravenous	240mg/kg (240mg/kg)		"Drug Dosages in Laboratory Animals - A Handbook," Rev. ed., Barnes, C.D., and L.G. Eltherington, Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1973Vol. -, Pg. 259, 1973.
rat	LDLo	subcutaneous	325mg/kg (325mg/kg)		European Patent Application. Vol. #0134762,
women	LDLo	oral	130mg/kg (130mg/kg)		Annals of Internal Medicine. Vol. 101, Pg. 457, 1984.
women	TDLo	intravenous	120mg/kg/3D-C (120mg/kg)	CARDIAC: EKG CHANGES NOT DIAGNOSTIC OF ABOVE	Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy. Vol. 16, Pg. 877, 1982.
women	TDLo	oral	5mg/kg (5mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: COMA CARDIAC: ARRHYTHMIAS (INCLUDING CHANGES IN CONDUCTION) GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING	British Medical Journal. Vol. 288, Pg. 1497, 1984.
women	TDLo	oral	108mg/kg (108mg/kg)	ENDOCRINE: HYPERGLYCEMIA	American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Vol. 3, Pg. 408, 1985.
women	TDLo	oral	281mg/kg/4W (281mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)	British Medical Journal. Vol. 281, Pg. 1322, 1980.
women	TDLo	oral	388mg/kg (388mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: COMA CARDIAC: CHANGE IN RATE	Annals of Emergency Medicine. Vol. 20, Pg. 1135, 1991.

5. Safety Information of Theophylline

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
It is highly flammable, so people should keep it away from sources of ignition. What's more, it is not only toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed, but also irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. And it has danger of very serious irreversible effects. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. If you want to contact this product, you must wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)

6. Preparation and Use of Theophylline

Preparation of Theophylline: It can be obtained by starting from dimethylurea and ethyl 2-cyanoacetate.

Uses of Theophylline: It has main actions, such as relaxing bronchial smooth muscle, increasing blood pressure and renal blood flow, increasing heart muscle contractility and efficiency; as a positive inotropic, increasing heart rate: positive chronotropic, some anti-inflammatory effects, central nervous system stimulatory effect mainly on the medullary respiratory center. It also can react with bromoethane to get 7-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione. This reaction needs reagent 10percent aq. NaOH, catalytic agent bromure de tetra-n-butylammonium and solvent CH₂Cl₂ at temperature of 40 °C. The reaction time is 24 hours. The yield is 96%.

Product Name

Theophylline

Synthetic route

Theophylline History

Theophylline Consensus Reports

Theophylline Specification

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