Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sulfuric acid for 0.25h; Esterification; Irradiation; | 94% |
With sulfuric acid for 12h; Heating; | 82% |
With thionyl chloride |
methanol
2-(diethylamino)ethyl crotonate
A
crotonic acid methyl ester
B
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid for 4h; Heating; | A 90% B 82% |
2-(diethylamino)ethyl crotonate
A
crotonic acid methyl ester
B
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With methanol; toluene-4-sulfonic acid for 4h; Heating; | A 90% B 82% |
2-ethylthio methyl ester
crotonic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetrabutylammomium bromide; ammonium chloride In ethanol electrolysis; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With perchloric acid; sodium percarbonate; vanadia for 1h; Heating; | 90% |
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide In decane at 25℃; for 8h; Inert atmosphere; | 72% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium tetrahydroborate; nickel dichloride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.583333h; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Ni(CO)4 In methanol; aqueous KCl | 90% |
sodium methylate
2-Chloro-2-(1-chloroethyl)oxirane
A
Methyl β-methoxybutyrate
B
crotonic acid methyl ester
C
ethylglyoxal dimethylacetal
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol | A 11% B 3% C 86% |
In methanol | A 11 % Chromat. B 3 % Chromat. C 86 % Chromat. |
In methanol Product distribution; -50 deg C, then 3h, roomtemp.; | A 11 % Chromat. B 3 % Chromat. C 86 % Chromat. |
erythro 2,3-dibromo-butenoate
crotonic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With indium(III) chloride; sodium tetrahydroborate In acetonitrile at -10℃; for 3h; | 78% |
methyl-4-bromo-2-butenoate
A
crotonic acid methyl ester
B
methyl but-3-enoate
C
5-Vinyl-trans-hexen-2-disaeuredimethylester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zinc In dimethyl sulfoxide for 4h; Yields of byproduct given; | A n/a B n/a C 75% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
sulfuric acid In methanol for 2h; Heating; | 73% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid for 3.5h; Heating; | 72% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
for 2h; Solid phase reaction; esterification; | 66% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel (0) In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0℃; for 1h; | A 55% B n/a |
sodium methylate
1,3-dichlorobutan-2-one
A
Methyl β-methoxybutyrate
B
(Z)-methyl but-2-enoate
C
crotonic acid methyl ester
D
ethylglyoxal dimethylacetal
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol -50 deg C, then 3h, roomtemp.; Further byproducts given; | A 13% B 36% C 16% D 16% |
sodium methylate
1,3-dichlorobutan-2-one
A
Methyl β-methoxybutyrate
B
(Z)-methyl but-2-enoate
C
crotonic acid methyl ester
D
ethylglyoxal dimethylacetal
E
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol Product distribution; -50 deg C, then 3h, roomtemp.; | A 13% B 36% C 16% D 16% E 13% |
sodium methylate
1,3-dichlorobutan-2-one
A
(Z)-methyl but-2-enoate
B
crotonic acid methyl ester
C
ethylglyoxal dimethylacetal
D
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol -50 deg C, then 3h, roomtemp.; Further byproducts given; | A 36% B 16% C 16% D 13% |
allyl methyl carbonate
carbon monoxide
A
crotonic acid methyl ester
B
methyl but-3-enoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1,10-Phenanthroline; dodecacarbonyl-triangulo-triruthenium at 120℃; under 30400 Torr; for 10h; Yields of byproduct given; | A 18% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
4% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sulfuric acid | |
With hydrogenchloride | |
With sulfuric acid |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With mineral acid |
1,1-dimethoxyethylene
acetaldehyde
A
Trimethyl orthoacetate
B
trans-Crotonaldehyde
C
crotonic acid methyl ester
D
acetic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 150℃; |
4-methyloxetan-2-one
methyl iodide
crotonic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 18-crown-6 ether; potassium naphthalenide 1) THF, 20 deg C, 10 min; Yield given. Multistep reaction; |
methanol
trans-chrotonyl chloride
A
crotonic acid methyl ester
B
methyl but-3-enoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,4-dimethylaminopyridine; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In dichloromethane for 0.5h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given; |
methanol
4,4-bis-methylsulfanyl-but-3-en-2-ol
crotonic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate 1) room temp., 5 min, 2) reflux, 16 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid for 9h; Heating; | 1.28 g |
glutaric anhydride,
A
3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
B
crotonic acid methyl ester
C
butanoic acid methyl ester
D
methyl but-3-enoate
E
methyl heptanoate
F
dimethyl subarate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With electrochemical reduction Product distribution; by-products; |
nitromethane
crotonic acid methyl ester
methyl 3-methyl-4-nitro-butyrate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N,N,N',N'-tetramethylguanidine at 20℃; for 576h; | 100% |
With DBN In methanol at 60℃; for 6h; Inert atmosphere; | 71.44% |
With methanol; potassium carbonate | |
With N-benzyl-trimethylammonium hydroxide In methanol | |
With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene In methanol Michael addition; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With bromine In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
With bromine In acetic acid at 30℃; Mechanism; Rate constant; | |
With bromine | |
With bromine In tetrachloromethane at 0℃; for 0.5h; | |
With bromine In n-heptane at 25 - 35℃; for 1.33333 - 1.5h; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide; methylcopper; diisobutylaluminium hydride In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether; hexane at -50℃; for 0.5h; | 100% |
With hydrogen; Rhodium chloride tri(triphenylphosphine-meta-trisulfonate) In water for 16h; Ambient temperature; | 95% |
With hydrogen; Pd(II) complex containing tridentate hydrazonic ligands In methanol at 40℃; for 24h; Hydrogenation; | 35% |
With hydrogen; montmorillonite-(bipyridine)x In benzene at 75℃; under 31028.9 Torr; for 45h; | 91 % Spectr. |
With hydrogen In methanol at 80℃; under 37503.8 Torr; for 20h; Autoclave; |
piperidine
crotonic acid methyl ester
(+/-)-3-(1-piperidinyl)butyric acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
[(dppf)Pd(NCMe)(H2O)](OTf)2 In toluene at 20℃; for 18h; | 100% |
In methanol at 20℃; for 168h; Addition; | 85% |
With 3-butyl-1-methylimidazolium hydroxide at 25℃; for 1.5h; aza-Michael addition; | 85% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With magnesium oxide In toluene at 20℃; for 0.5h; Michael addition; | 100% |
crotonic acid methyl ester
5-methyl-pyrazolidin-3-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrazine hydrate | 100% |
crotonic acid methyl ester
benzyl-methyl-amine
methyl 3-(N-benzyl-N-methylamino)-3-methylpropionate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
100% | |
100% | |
100% | |
With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 14h; aza-Michael addition; | 77% |
crotonic acid methyl ester
methyl nonyl ketone
4,5-Dimethyl-5-nonyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With samarium diiodide; isopropyl alcohol In tetrahydrofuran; N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide at 0℃; for 0.0166667h; | 99% |
crotonic acid methyl ester
2-(Trimethylsilyl)benzenethiol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2-TMSC6H4SLi; (-)-(1R,2R)-1-dimethylamino-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-diphenylethane In hexane; toluene at -78℃; for 120h; Addition; | 99% |
crotonic acid methyl ester
benzylamine
methyl 3-(benzylamino)butanoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol for 16h; Heating; | 99% |
In methanol at 150℃; under 5688.78 Torr; for 3h; Michael addition; microwave irradiation; | 98% |
In methanol at 20℃; for 2h; | 96% |
crotonic acid methyl ester
N-(diphenylmethylene)glycine tert-butyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 4 A molecular sieve; calcium bis-iso-propoxide; 2,2'-methylene bis((4S)-4-phenyl-2-oxazoline) In tetrahydrofuran at -30℃; for 12h; Michael addition; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1-methyl-1H-imidazole In dimethyl sulfoxide at 70℃; for 12h; Michael addition; | 99% |
With acylase Amano from Aspergillus oryzae In dimethyl sulfoxide at 50℃; for 24h; Michael addition reaction; | 37% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With C49H53N4O4PS In toluene at 20℃; for 3h; Reagent/catalyst; enantioselective reaction; | A n/a B 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) at 80℃; for 24h; Michael Addition; Schlenk technique; Sealed tube; | 98.5% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With samarium diiodide In tetrahydrofuran; N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide; isopropyl alcohol for 0.0166667h; | 98% |
crotonic acid methyl ester
guanidine hydrogen carbonate
malononitrile
2,4-diamino-5,6-dihydro-5-methylpyrido<2,3-d>pyrimidin-7(8H)-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: guanidine hydrogen carbonate With sodium methylate In methanol for 0.25h; Heating; Stage #2: crotonic acid methyl ester; malononitrile In methanol at 140℃; for 0.166667h; Irradiation; | 98% |
crotonic acid methyl ester
guanidine hydrogen carbonate
methyl 2-cyanoacetate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: guanidine hydrogen carbonate With sodium methylate In methanol for 0.25h; Heating; Stage #2: crotonic acid methyl ester; methyl 2-cyanoacetate In methanol at 140℃; for 0.166667h; Irradiation; | 98% |
(6-oxo-4-oxy-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyrazin-1-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester
crotonic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ytterbium(III) triflate In tetrahydrofuran for 14h; Heating; | 98% |
1-(N,N‑dimethylcarbamoyl)indole
crotonic acid methyl ester
(E)-methyl 3-(1-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-1H-indol-2-yl)but-2-enoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tris(acetonitrile)(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium(III) hexafluoroantimonate; copper(II) acetate monohydrate In tetrahydrofuran at 100℃; for 24h; Heck Reaction; Inert atmosphere; stereoselective reaction; | 98% |
With silver hexafluoroantimonate; [ruthenium(II)(η6-1-methyl-4-isopropyl-benzene)(chloride)(μ-chloride)]2; copper(II) acetate monohydrate In 1,4-dioxane at 100℃; for 30h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction; | 90% |
crotonic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With C34H43N4O6Zn(1+)*CF3O3S(1-) In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 24h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; enantioselective reaction; | 98% |
1H-imidazole
crotonic acid methyl ester
3-imidazol-1-yl-butyric acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) at 80℃; for 24h; Michael Addition; Schlenk technique; Sealed tube; | 97.5% |
crotonic acid methyl ester
benzaldehyde
5-hydroxy-5-phenyl-pent-2-enoic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: crotonic acid methyl ester; benzaldehyde With aluminium tris(2,6-diphenylphenoxide) In toluene at -78℃; for 0.333333h; Complexation; Stage #2: With 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-lithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane; toluene at -78℃; for 0.5h; Crossed aldol condensation; | 97% |
Stage #1: crotonic acid methyl ester; benzaldehyde With aluminium tris(2,6-diphenylphenoxide) In toluene at -78℃; for 0.0833333h; Stage #2: With 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-lithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane; toluene at -78℃; for 0.5h; | 97% |
Stage #1: crotonic acid methyl ester; benzaldehyde With aluminum tris(2,6-di-2-naphthylphenoxide) In toluene at -78℃; for 0.333333h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-lithium In tetrahydrofuran; toluene at -78℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #3: With ammonium chloride In tetrahydrofuran; toluene at -78 - 20℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; | 97% |
crotonic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With CF3O3S(1-)*C32H40N4O4*Zn(2+)*C2H3O2(1-) In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 60h; enantioselective reaction; | 97% |
crotonic acid methyl ester
malonic acid dimethyl ester
2-methylpropan-1,1,3-tricarboxylic acid trimethyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: malonic acid dimethyl ester With sodium methylate In tetrahydrofuran; methanol at 23℃; for 0.166667h; Stage #2: crotonic acid methyl ester In tetrahydrofuran; methanol at 45 - 50℃; for 4.16667h; | 96% |
With sodium methylate In methanol Heating; | 84% |
crotonic acid methyl ester
cyclohexanecarbaldehyde
cis-(RS,SR)-γ-cyclohexyl-γ-hydroxy-β-methylbutanoic acid lactone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With samarium diiodide; isopropyl alcohol In tetrahydrofuran; N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide at 0℃; for 0.0166667h; Product distribution; without HMPA, further reaction time; | 96% |
crotonic acid methyl ester
(Z) methyl 2-chloro-2-butenoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With aluminium trichloride; benzeneseleninyl chloride In dichloromethane at 40℃; for 23h; | 96% |
With chlorine In dichloromethane for 0.666667h; | 34% |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: Cl2 / CCl4 / 48 h / 0 °C 2: triethylamine / 72 h View Scheme | |
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: Cl2, Br2 / CCl4 / 48 h / 0 °C 2: triethylamine / 72 h View Scheme |
crotonic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With n-butyllithium; diisopropylamine In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 1h; | 96% |
crotonic acid methyl ester
(5R)-5,6-dihydro-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-oxazin-2-one-N-oxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In chloroform for 3h; Ambient temperature; | 96% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: crotonic acid methyl ester; cyclohexanecarbaldehyde With aluminum tris(2,6-di-2-naphthylphenoxide) In toluene at -78℃; for 0.333333h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-lithium In tetrahydrofuran; toluene at -78℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #3: With ammonium chloride In tetrahydrofuran; toluene at -78 - 20℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; | 96% |
Stage #1: crotonic acid methyl ester; cyclohexanecarbaldehyde With aluminium tris(2,6-diphenylphenoxide) In toluene at -78℃; for 0.333333h; Complexation; Stage #2: With 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-lithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane; toluene at -78℃; for 0.5h; Crossed aldol condensation; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 3-methylpyridin-2-ylamine; benzoic acid; Wilkinson's catalyst In toluene at 150℃; for 72h; | 96% |
1. | skn-rbt 500 mg/24H MOD | FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. 17 (1979),865. | ||
2. | orl-mus LD50:1600 mg/kg | FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. 17 (1979),865. | ||
3. | skn-gpg LD50:10 g/kg | FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. 17 (1979),865. |
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