lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zirconium In neat (no solvent) mixture of Li-chromate and Zr (1:2) reacts under explosion on heating to 460°C;; | 60% |
With zirconium In neat (no solvent) mixture of Li-chromate and Zr (1:4) reacts under explosion on heating to 600°C;; | 60% |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Zr; heating in high vac. at temp. between 450 and 600 °C; explosive react.;; | 60% |
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With aluminium; calcium oxide In neat (no solvent) reduction at 1000°C;; not pure;; | 44.2% |
With Al; CaO In neat (no solvent) reduction at 1000°C;; not pure;; | 44.2% |
With calcium oxide; silicon In neat (no solvent) reduction at 1100°C;; not pure;; | 22.7% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Electrolysis; |
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In gaseous matrix Irradiation (UV/VIS); UV laser photodissocn. at 140°C; Li atoms detected by resonance ionization spectroscopy; |
lithium aluminium tetrahydride
B
hydrogen
C
lithium
D
aluminium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; Irradiation (UV/VIS); isothermal UV photolysis of powdered LiAlH4 between 23 and 130°C and at 140°C; reaction mechanism discussed;; |
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water Electrochem. Process; galvanostatic electrodeposition (Ni electrode substrate, Li couterelectrode, 0.2 mA/sqcm); scanning electron microscopy; | |
In water Electrochem. Process; cathodic deposition (Ni electrode, 1 mA/cm**2); X-ray diffraction; | |
In further solvent(s) Electrochem. Process; LiClO4 dissolved in propylene carbonate with dopands of fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, ethylene sulfite; detd. by atomic force microscopy; | |
With propylene carbonate In water Electrochem. Process; deposition on Au(111) electrode in propilene carbonate soln. contg. 0.1 M LiClO4 in potential region 0.8-2.5 V; | |
In further solvent(s) Electrochem. Process; electrodeposited from soln. of LiClO4 in propylene carbonate galvanostatically at 0.5 - 5.0 mA/cm**2; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium chloride In melt Electrolysis; | |
With aluminum tri-bromide In toluene Electrochem. Process; cathodic precipitation of Li from a soln. of benzene, AlBr3 and LiBr (10:1:1); preciptitation of Li or Al is depending on the potential;; | |
With aluminum tri-bromide In nitrobenzene; toluene Electrochem. Process; pptn. of Li;; |
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt Electrolysis; electrolysis of molten LiCl;; | |
With aluminum tri-bromide In toluene Electrochem. Process; cathodic precipitation of Li from a soln. of benzene, AlBr3 and LiCl (10:1:1); preciptitation of Li or Al is depending on the potential;; | |
With aluminum tri-bromide In further solvent(s) Electrochem. Process; cathodic precipitation of Li from a soln. of ethylbromide, AlBr3 and LiCl (10:1:1); precipitation of Li or Al is depending on the potential;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Electrolysis; fused salt electrolysis;; | |
In neat (no solvent) Electrolysis; fused salt electrolysis;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Incomplete reaction.; | |
In neat (no solvent) Incomplete reaction.; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt reaction of a molten mixture; equilibrium reaction;; | |
In melt reaction of a molten mixture; equilibrium reaction;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene Electrochem. Process; precipitation of Al, no Li;; | A 0% B n/a |
In toluene Electrochem. Process; pptn. of Al, no Li;; | A 0% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt Electrolysis; on charging at 420°C in LiCl/KCl melt, CoO/Li2O cathode, currentdensity between 2 and 5 mA*cm**-2; |
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In gaseous matrix metal compd. in discharge tube, passing an intense current pulse throught it (produced by discharging a capacitor across the tube, E=0.55-0.90 kJ), ballast gas H2 or N2 or He; according to V. G. Mishakov et al., Opt. Spektrosk. 32, 1006 (1972); density of metal atoms detd. by Rozhdestvenskii hook method; | |
In melt Electrolysis; electrolysis of molten LiH;; | |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2; Irradiation (UV/VIS); precipitation of metallic Li with UV-light;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In gas Irradiation (UV/VIS); pulsed photolysis of LiI vapor at 850 K in an excess of O2 and N2 (10-50 Torr) or He (12-100 Torr); |
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With alkali chlorides; earth alkaline chlorides In melt Electrolysis; electrolysis of molten crude mixt. of alkali- and earth alkaline chlorides (pptd. with concd. HCl from lithium ores);; | |
In melt Electrolysis; electrolysis of molten Li(1+) salt, asbestos diaphragma, 110 V, 5-7 A;; | |
In melt Electrolysis; electrolysis of molten Li(1+) salt, quartz diaphragma;; spectral pure;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
reaction below glowing heat; resulting Li inflames itself; reaction starts at 600.degree C.;; | |
reaction below glowing heat; resulting Li inflames itself; reaction starts at 600.degree C.;; |
lithium carbonate
aluminium
A
aluminum oxide
B
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: C; heating equal amounts of carbonate and Al powder to red heat;; powdery product mixture obtained;; | |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: C; heating equal amounts of carbonate and Al powder to red heat;; powdery product mixture obtained;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In not given Electrochem. Process; during charging in galvanostatic mode at room temp.; Li as counter electrode, Teklon as separator and 1 M LiPF6 in 1:1 (EC + DMC) as electrolyte; 1.0 - 2.0 V; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In gas Irradiation (UV/VIS); pulsed photolysis of LiOH vapor at 820 K in an excess of O2 and N2 (10-50 Torr) or He (12-100 Torr); |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With magnesium In neat (no solvent) heating LiOH and Mg in iron retort, permanent addn. of Mg, distn. of Li;; | |
With aluminium In neat (no solvent) reduction of water-free LiOH with Al powder;; Li-Al mixed crystals obtained;; | |
In melt byproducts: H2, Li2O; Electrolysis; electrolysis of molten LiOH over 450°C;; | 0% |
In melt byproducts: H2, Li2O; Electrolysis; electrolysis of molten LiOH over 450°C;; | 0% |
(trimethylstannyl)lithium
hexamethyldistannane
A
tin
B
(CH3)3Sn(CH3)2SnLi
D
tetramethylstannane
E
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetrahydrofuran In tetrahydrofuran under N2, 1 M THF soln. of Me3SnLi to Me3SnSnMe3, kept at room temp. upto 20 h; not isolated; detected by NMR; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) decompn. at room temp. within months, at 600°C within several h;; |
lithium cyanide
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) decompn. of LiCN on heating with finely dispersed Al at 800°C or distn. of LiCN through permeable layer of Al powder under gas (H2 or N2); increasing yield under gas;; | |
With Fe or Mg In neat (no solvent) decompn. of LiCN on heating with Fe or Mg or distn. of LiCN through permeable layer of Fe under gas (H2 or N2);; | |
In melt Electrolysis; electrolysis of molten LiCN, m.p. of electrolyte 750°C, molten Pb as anode;; | |
In neat (no solvent) decompn. of LiCN on heating with finely dispersed Al at 800°C or distn. of LiCN through permeable layer of Al powder under gas (H2 or N2); increasing yield under gas;; | |
With Fe or Mg In neat (no solvent) decompn. of LiCN on heating with Fe or Mg or distn. of LiCN through permeable layer of Fe under gas (H2 or N2);; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol Electrochem. Process; no pptn. of Li;; | 0% |
In ethanol Electrolysis; electrolysis of LiCH3CO2 in EtOH, no precipitation of Li;; | 0% |
With isopropanol; CH3COOH In water prepd. on Li7La3Zr2O12 pellet by sol-gel method according to M. Kotobukiet al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 157, A493 (2010) and 150, A107 (2003); pr ecursor dropped on pellet; calcined (450°C, 15 min); repeated twotimes; calcined (800°C, 1 h); | |
In ethanol Electrolysis; electrolysis of LiCH3CO2 in EtOH, no precipitation of Li;; | 0% |
lithium cyanamide
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With lithium cyanide In neat (no solvent) decompn. of mixt. of LiCN and LiCN2 on heating with finely dispersed Al at 800°C or distn. of mixt. of LiCN and LiCN2 through permeable layer of Al powder under gas (H2 or N2); increasing yield under gas;; | |
With lithium cyanide In neat (no solvent) decompn. of mixt. of LiCN2 and LiCn on heating with Fe or Mg or distn. of mixt. of LiCN2 and LiCN through permeable layer of Fe under gas (H2 or N2);; | |
With Fe or Mg In neat (no solvent) decompn. of LiCN2 on heating with Fe or Mg or distn. of LiCN2 through permeable layer of Fe under gas (H2 or N2);; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: H2; on heating to 600°C; DTG, XRD; |
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In pyridine Electrochem. Process; deposition potential from n-LiNO3 (3.09V), Pt-cathode, reference electrode Ag/0.1n-AgNO3;; | |
In pyridine Electrochem. Process; deposition potential from sat. LiNO3 (3.06V), Pt-cathode, reference electrode Ag/0.1n-AgNO3; deposition voltage (5.01V);; | |
In pyridine Electrochem. Process; no precipitation of Li from 0.01n-LiNO3;; | 0% |
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ammonia In tetrahydrofuran; methanol; ethyl acetate; tert-butyl alcohol | 100% |
With ammonia In tetrahydrofuran; tert-butyl alcohol | |
With ammonia In tetrahydrofuran; tert-butyl alcohol |
manganese
lithium
copper
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) (inert gas), mixed, heated to 500°C for 24 h, stayed at 500°C for 2 days, heated to 800°C for 2 days, held at 800°C for 10 days; slowly cooled to room temp., elem. anal., XRD; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) (inert gas), mixed, heated to 500°C for 24 h, stayed at 500°C for 2 days, heated to 800°C for 2 days, held at 800°C for 10 days; slowly cooled to room temp., elem. anal., XRD; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt in a tantalum tube weld-seald under Ar and protected from air by a silica jacket sealed under vac.; mixt. Li, Al, Si (15:3:6 mol) heated at 1223K, 10 h in vertical furnace and shaken several times;; cooled at rate of 6 K h**-1; elem. anal.; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Ar atm.; molar ratio Ba:Li:Ge 4:2.1:6, 1000°C; cooling (400°C), annealing; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Ar atm.; molar ratio Ba:Li:Si 4:2.1:6, 1000°C; cooling (400°C), annealing; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran; Methyl formate byproducts: LiBr; (Ar); stirring (room temp., 20 h); decantation, solvent removal, washing (THF); elem. anal.; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 20℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at -78 - -38℃; for 240h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
tetrahydrofuran
(3R,3'S)-bis(1-Ph-2-tBu-1H-2,1-benzazaborole)
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 20℃; for 24h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran-d8 for 12h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran-d8 for 12h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran-d8 for 12h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Li-Hg In tetrahydrofuran-d8 (argon); NMR tube; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran mixture stirred at room temp. to give a dark brown soln. within 24 h; solvent removed in vacuo, degassed hexane added, Li and insoluble dark materials removed, solution cooled to afford the product (THF ligand), ligand exchange on the Li(1+) ions from THF to 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), crystn. from heptane at -30°C; | 99% |
N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaborole
water
lithium
[(CH)2(N(2,6-iPr2C6H3))2]BH
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With catalyst: naphthalene In tetrahydrofuran treatment of boron compd. with lithium in THF in presence of naphthaleneat -45°C for 6 h, keeping for 1 d at room temp. or addn. of wate r; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran treatment of boron compd. with Li in THF at room temp.; | 99% |
tetrahydrofuran-d8
N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaborole
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With naphthalene In tetrahydrofuran vial charged with bromoborane, Li, naphthalene; mixt. cooled at -35°C, (D8)THF added; stirred for 12 h, filtered; soln. CuCN ((D8)THF, -35°C) added; stirred at room temp. for 1 h;; not isolated; NMR;; | 99% |
H(Sb(ClCH2CH(O)CH(O)CH2Cl)2)
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With methanol In methanol refluxing lithium in methanol, addn. of the soln. to a suspn. of the antimony compd., refluxing for 1.5 h; all manipulations under anhydrous atmosphere; concg. under reduced pressure, elem. anal.; | 98% |
diethyl ether
(C6H5)B(Si(CH3)3)CH((CH3)4C6H)B((CH3)4C6H)B(Si(CH3)3)CH
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether by reduction; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether byproducts: phenyllithium; Sn compound redn. with excess Li in ether at room temp. (suspn. refluxedfor 17 h); insol. materials filtered; filtrate concd., residue washed with hexane; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether at 80℃; for 30h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: tetrahydrofuran; hexahydrodicyclopentacyclooctatetraene; lithium Stage #2: yttrium(III) chloride at 20℃; for 4h; | 98% |
s-butyl chloride
s-butylmagnesium chloride
lithium
A
sec.-butyllithium
B
di-sec-butylmagnesium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran; toluene at 20 - 25℃; for 3.75 - 4.58333h; Product distribution / selectivity; | A n/a B 97.8% |
In tetrahydrofuran at 10 - 35℃; for 3.41667 - 4.58333h; Product distribution / selectivity; | A n/a B 93% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With bromobenzene In diethyl ether with 20% excess of Li at 0°C then reflux for 2 h; | 97% |
H(Sb(ClCH2CH(O)CH2O)2)
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With methanol In methanol refluxing lithium in methanol, addn. of the soln. to a suspn. of the antimony compd., refluxing for 1.5 h; all manipulations under anhydrous atmosphere; concg. under reduced pressure, elem. anal.; | 97% |
diethyl ether
(C2H5O)B(Si(CH3)3)CH((CH3)4C6H)B((CH3)4C6H)B(Si(CH3)3)CH
lithium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether by reduction; | 97% |
ferrocene
1,2-dimethoxyethane
lithium
1,5-dicyclooctadiene
[CpFe(COD)][Li(dme)]
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In 1,2-dimethoxyethane the flask was charged under Ar with ferrocene, 1,5-cyclooctadiene, DME, cooled to -50°C, Li sand was introduced, stirred at -20°C for 4 h, then 1 h at room temp.; filtered under Ar, -30°C for ca. 20 h, crystals were washedwith cold diethyl ether, dried under vac.; | 97% |
ferrocene
1,2-dimethoxyethane
lithium
1,5-dicyclooctadiene
[CpFe(cod)][Li(dme)]
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In 1,2-dimethoxyethane Li, COD, DME, -50°C -> room temp.; | 97% |
In 1,2-dimethoxyethane Li, COD, DME, -50°C -> room temp.; recrystn.; | 50% |
N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaborole
water-d2
lithium
(C2H2N2(2,6-(iPr)2C6H3)2)B(2)H
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With catalyst: naphthalene In tetrahydrofuran treatment of boron compd. with lithium in THF in presence of naphthaleneat -45°C for 6 h, addn. of water-d2; | 97% |
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