Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In hydrogenchloride room temp.; 10-15 min.; | A n/a B 99% |
In hydrogenchloride room temp.; 10-15 min.; | A n/a B 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyrographite In neat (no solvent) byproducts: FeO; heating of a mixture of SnO2 with double excess of FeCl2 forms 98.97 % SnCl4 at 800°C in presence of C;; | 98.97% |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: FeO; heating of a mixture of SnO2 with double excess of FeCl2 forms 76.10 % SnCl4 at 800°C;; | 76.1% |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: FeO; heating of a mixture of SnO2 with double excess of FeCl2 forms 27.20 % SnCl4 at 700°C; equilibrium reaction discussed;; | 27.2% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyrographite In neat (no solvent) byproducts: MgO; heating of a mixture of SnO2 with double excess of MgCl2 forms 98.3 % SnCl4 at 800°C in presence of C;; | 98.3% |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: MgO; heating of a mixture of SnO2 with double excess of MgCl2 forms 74.60 % SnCl4 at 800°C;; | 74.6% |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: MgO; heating of a mixture of SnO2 with double excess of MgCl2 forms 58.79 % SnCl4 at 700°C; equilibrium reaction examinated;; | 58.79% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyrographite In neat (no solvent) byproducts: ZnO; heating of a mixture of SnO2 with double excess of ZnCl2 forms 97.87 % SnCl4 at 800°C in presence of C;; | 97.87% |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: ZnO; heating of a mixture of SnO2 with double excess of ZnCl2 forms 5.2 % SnCl4 at 800°C;; | 5.2% |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: ZnO; heating of a mixture of SnO2 with double excess of ZnCl2 forms 4.3 % SnCl4 at 600°C;; | 4.3% |
tetrakis-biphenyl-(2)-tin(IV)
A
biphenyl-(2)-mercury(II) chloride
B
tin(IV) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With mercury dichloride In ethanol 20h heating in sealed tube to 120°C; absol. ethanol;; | A 90.5% B n/a |
With HgCl2 In ethanol 20h heating in sealed tube to 120°C; absol. ethanol;; | A 90.5% B n/a |
ethyl nitrate
A
hydroxylamine hydrochloride
B
ammonia
C
tin(IV) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride In hydrogenchloride byproducts: C2H5OH, H2O; in concd. HCl soln.; evapn. of the alcohol,diluting with water,pptg. of the Sn with H2S,evapn. and crystn. from alcohol; | A 90% B <1 C n/a |
tetrachloromethane
tetraphenyltin(IV)
dibenzoyl peroxide
A
hexachloroethane
B
tin(IV) chloride
C
chlorobenzene
D
benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
E
benzoic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
50h boiling; | A n/a B 84.1% C n/a D n/a E n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With HCl In acetonitrile room temp., 30 min. (crystn.); cooling (-20°C), decantation, washing (cold MeCN, cold 1 M HCl), drying (vac., 6 h), recrystn. (EtOH/HCl); elem. anal.; | A 82% B n/a |
zirconium(IV) chloride
B
tin(IV) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene stirring (16 h); solvent removal (vac.), addn. pentane, filtration, volatiles rremoval (vac.); | A 80% B n/a |
B
tin(IV) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With HCl In acetonitrile stirring (30 min., pptn.); addn. of excess 1 M HCl, collection (after 15 min.), washing (1 M HCl, H2O), drying (vac.), recrystn. (MeCN/1 M HCl); elem. anal.; | A 75% B n/a |
dimanganese decacarbonyl
B
tin(IV) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide byproducts: CO; Ar atmosphere, 150°C, 24 h; pptn. on addn. of H2O, washing (dild. HCl and cyclohexane), drying (vac.); elem. anal.; | A 73% B n/a |
ethyl chlorosulfate
iodine
A
hydrogenchloride
B
ethene
C
tin(IV) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 130℃; |
tin(IV) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
beim Erhitzen; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
bei hoeherer Temperatur; |
ethanol
tetraphenyltin(IV)
A
tin(IV) chloride
B
phenylmercury(II) chloride
A
tin(IV) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
bei der Destillation; |
4-benzylmercapto-3-nitro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride
A
4-benzylmercapto-3-amino-1,8-naphthalic anhydride
B
tin(IV) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride; tin(ll) chloride In water at 90℃; for 2h; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
thermal dissociation, 280 to 340°C; reaction monitoring by pressure measurement; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) calcination of SnO2 and NH4Cl;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride; oxygen In not given redn. of O3 by SnCl2 in a HCl-containing soln. by shaking in a O2-O3 mixture for a period of 90 min.;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Kinetics; chlorination of mechanical SnO2/Fe2O3 mixt. at const. temp. in range 700-850°C; monitoring by gravimetric and chem. anal.; X-ray diffraction; | |
Kinetics; chlorination of SnO2/Fe2O3 mixt. (obtained by copptn. from hydrochloric SnCl4/FeCl3 soln. with concd. ammonia and ppt. calcination in air at 600°C for 24 h) at const. temp. in range 700-850°C; monitoring by gravimetric and chem. anal.; X-ray diffraction; |
chlorine
A
In2Cl6
B
indium(III) chloride
C
tin(IV) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; byproducts: O2; chlorination of equimolar mixt. of In2O3/SnO2 at const. temp. in range 500-700°C (Cl2 flow 100 ml/min); chem. anal.; | |
With sulfur dioxide In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; byproducts: O2, SO3, In2(SO4)3; chlorination of equimolar mixt. of In2O3/SnO2 at const. temp. in range 500-700°C (Cl2/SO2 flow 100 ml/min); chem. anal.; |
tin(IV) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With SOCl2 or COCl2 In neat (no solvent) | |
With COCl2 In neat (no solvent) complete draining with COCl2 at 100°C in 24 h;; | |
With thionyl chloride In neat (no solvent) complete draining with boiling SOCl2 in some hours;; |
4-[N-ethyl,N-(2-chloroethyl)amino]nitrobenzene
tin(IV) chloride
4-[N-ethyl,N-(2-chloroethyl)amino]aniline hydrochloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ammonium hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane; hydrogenchloride | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene molar ratio 2 : 1, room temp.; | 100% |
In benzene molar ratio 2 : 1, room temp.; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrachloromethane under N2; soln. of SnCl4 in CCl4 mixed with ligand (molar ratio 1:2); stirred for several h; filtered; solid washed with petroleum ether; dried in vac.; stored in desiccator over CaCl2; elem. anal.; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrachloromethane under N2; soln. of SnCl4 in CCl4 mixed with ligand (molar ratio 1:2); stirred for several h; filtered; solid washed with petroleum ether; dried in vac.; stored in desiccator over CaCl2; elem. anal.; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrachloromethane under N2; soln. of SnCl4 in CCl4 mixed with pyridine (molar ratio 1:2); stirred for several h; filtered; solid washed with petroleum ether; dried in vac.; stored in desiccator over CaCl2; elem. anal.; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrachloromethane under N2; soln. of SnCl4 in CCl4 mixed with ligand (molar ratio 1:2); stirred for several h; filtered; solid washed with petroleum ether; dried in vac.; stored in desiccator over CaCl2; elem. anal.; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrachloromethane under N2; soln. of SnCl4 in CCl4 mixed with ligand (molar ratio 1:2); stirred for several h; filtered; solid washed with petroleum ether; dried in vac.; stored in desiccator over CaCl2; elem. anal.; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrachloromethane under N2; soln. of SnCl4 in CCl4 mixed with ligand (molar ratio 1:2); stirred for several h; filtered; solid washed with petroleum ether; dried in vac.; stored in desiccator over CaCl2; elem. anal.; | 100% |
tin(IV) chloride
bis(bis(trimethylsilyl)amido)tin(II)
bis{bis(trimethylsilyl)amino}tin dichloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In hexane byproducts: SnCl2; (N2); SnCl4 added dropwise (vigorous stirring, -78°C); kept for 12 h at room temp.; filtered; hexane removed (vac.); | 100% |
4-(2-(trimethylgermyl)ethyl)phenol
tin(IV) chloride
HOC6H4(CH2)2Ge(CH3)2Cl
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In nitromethane heating at 50°C for 6 h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrachloromethane under N2; soln. of SnCl4 in CCl4 mixed with ligand (molar ratio 1:2); stirred for several h; filtered; solid washed with petroleum ether; dried in vac.; stored in desiccator over CaCl2; elem. anal.; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In chloroform absence of moisture; equimolar amts., refluxing (3-4 h); solvent removal (reduced pressure); elem. anal.; | 100% |
tin(IV) chloride
propargyl alcohol
1-trichlorostannyl-2-chloro-2-hydroxymethyl-ethene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In dichloromethane N2; DCM soln. of ligand and SnCl4 (1:1 molar ratio) stirred at room temp. for 24 h; evapd. (vac., room temp.), NMR; | 100% |
In chloroform-d1 N2; 1:1 mixt. at 25°C; NMR; |
tin(IV) chloride
hex-1-yne
1-trichlorostannyl-2-chloro-2-n-butyl-ethene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In dichloromethane N2; DCM soln. of ligand and SnCl4 (1:1 molar ratio) stirred at room temp. for 24 h; evapd. (vac., room temp.), NMR; | 100% |
In chloroform-d1 N2; 1:1 mixt. at 25°C; NMR; |
2,2-dimethyl-3-butyne
tin(IV) chloride
1-trichlorostannyl-2-chloro-2-tert-butyl-ethene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In dichloromethane N2; DCM soln. of ligand and SnCl4 (1:1 molar ratio) stirred at room temp. for 24 h; evapd. (vac., room temp.), NMR; | 100% |
In chloroform-d1 N2; 1:1 mixt. at 25°C; NMR; |
tin(IV) chloride
phenylacetylene
1-trichlorostannyl-2-chloro-2-phenyl-ethene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In dichloromethane N2; DCM soln. of ligand and SnCl4 (1:1 molar ratio) stirred at room temp. for 24 h; evapd. (vac., room temp.), NMR; | 100% |
In chloroform-d1 N2; 1:1 mixt. at 25°C; NMR; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 250℃; for 24h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 250℃; for 24h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) at 130℃; for 14h; Schlenk technique; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In 1,2-dichloro-ethane for 24h; Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With magnesium In diethyl ether; toluene at 50℃; Inert atmosphere; Flow reactor; | 99.4% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Li In methanol (Ar); Li was dissolved in dry MeOH, soln. of hydroxylaminederiv. was added and then SnCl4 was dropped into the stirred mixt.; formed ppt. was filtered off, washed with MeOH and ether, and dried in vac.; recrystn. from MeOH/CHCl3; elem. anal.; | 99.3% |
tin(IV) chloride
N-(2-hydroxy-3-aminophenyl)-N'-(2-bromophenyl)urea
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol | 99% |
In ethanol | 99% |
In ethanol | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 3-mercaptothietane With sodium hydroxide In water at 20℃; for 0.666667h; Stage #2: tin(IV) chloride In water at 30℃; for 6h; Product distribution / selectivity; | 99% |
With pyridine In dichloromethane at -30 - -20℃; for 6.08h; Product distribution / selectivity; | 75% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
stirring overnight at 60°F, N2-atmosphere; distd. at 15 Torr; | 99% |
molar ratio of (CH3)4Sn:SnCl4=3:1; distn.; | |
In neat (no solvent) react. Me4Sn with SnCl4 (3:1) at 130°C for 2 h; recrystn. from hexane; |
tin(IV) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triphenyl phosphine In dichloromethane Ar atmosphere; 20°C, 7 d; | 99% |
In gas byproducts: SnCl; formation with SnCl at flash-light photolysis of gasous SnCl4 with intermediate formation of SnCl3;; | |
With methane In neat (no solvent) redn. to SnCl2 by use of CH4 in a closed quartz tube above ca. 500°C;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4-bromo-1,1'-biphenyl With magnesium In tetrahydrofuran; ethylene dibromide for 2h; Reflux; Stage #2: tin(IV) chloride In tetrahydrofuran; ethylene dibromide at 20℃; Reflux; | 99% |
With Na In benzene addn. of a small portion of p-bromobiphenyl and SnCl4 to sodium in benzene, warmed, dropwise addn. of the remaining portion with stirring over 30 min, refluxed for 5 h; filtered hot, cooled; elem. anal.; | 90% |
With Na In benzene Wurtz react.; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In Petroleum ether SnCl4 was mixed with soln. of ligand in petroleum ether under N2, stirred for several h; filtered, washed with petroleum ether, recrystd. from dichloroethane, dried in vac.; elem. anal.; | 99% |
Product Name: Tin tetrachloride (CAS NO.7646-78-8)
Molecular Formula: SnCl4
Molecular Weight: 260.50g/mol
Mol File: 7646-78-8.mol
EINECS: 231-588-9
Appearance: colourless liquid
Melting Point: -33 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 114.1 °C at 760 mmHg
Storage Temperature: Store at RT.
Water Solubility: reacts
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Stability: Stability Stable, but may decompose upon exposure to moist air or water. Incompatible with strong bases, alcohols.
Surface Tension:
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 16.15 kJ/mol
Vapour Pressure: 23.9 mmHg at 25°C
H-Bond Donor: 0
H-Bond Acceptor: 0
Structure Descriptors of Tin tetrachloride (CAS NO.7646-78-8):
IUPAC Name: tetrachlorostannane
Canonical SMILES: Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl
InChI: InChI=1S/4ClH.Sn/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4
InChIKey: HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J
Product Categories: Inorganics; Classes of Metal Compounds; Sn (Tin) Compounds; Typical Metal Compounds
As mordant, reviving colors, dehydrating agent in organic syntheses, stabilizer for colors & perfumes in soap, in dyeing of fabrics, weighting silk, tinning vessels, in ceramics to produce abrasion resistant or light reflecting coatings.
1. | ihl-rat LC50:2300 mg/m3/10M | TOXID9 Toxicologist. 1 (1981),77. | ||
2. | ipr-mus LD50:101 mg/kg | COREAF Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l’Academie des Sciences. 256 (1963),1043. |
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.
Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by inhalation. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Combustible by chemical reaction. Upon contact with moisture, considerable heat is generated. Violent reaction with K, Na, turpentine, ethylene oxide, alkyl nitrates. Dangerous; hydrochloric acid is liberated on contact with moisture or heat. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl−. See also HYDROCHLORIC ACID.
Safety Information of Tin tetrachloride (CAS NO.7646-78-8):
Hazard Codes C,T,F
Risk Statements: 34-52/53-40-23/24/25-11
R34:Causes burns.
R52/53:Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
R40:Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect.
R23/24/25:Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
R11:Highly flammable.
Safety Statements: 26-45-61-7/8-36/37-24/25-23-36/37/39-16
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S23:Do not breathe vapour.
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition.
RIDADR: UN 3264 8/PG 2
WGK Germany: 2
RTECS: XP8750000
F: 10-21
TSCA: Yes
HazardClass: 8
PackingGroup: II
OSHA PEL: TWA 2 mg(Sn)/m3
ACGIH TLV: TWA 2 mg(Sn)/m3
DOT Classification: 8; Label: Corrosive
Tin tetrachloride , its CAS NO. is 7646-78-8, the synonyms are Etain (tetrachlorure d') ; Libavius fuming spirit ; Stagno (tetracloruro di) ; Stannane, tetrachloro- ; Stannic chloride ; Stannic chloride, anhydrous ; Stannic tetrachloride ; Tetrachlorostannane ; Tetrachlorotin ; Tin Tetrachloride, anhydrous ; Tin chloride, fuming (DOT) ; Tin perchloride ; Tin tetrachloride ; Tin(IV) chloride ; Tin(IV) tetrachloride ; Tintetrachloride .
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